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THE LIBRARY
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSIH
PROVO. UTAH
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GREAT BRITAIN AND" IRELAND
VOL. iV
LONDON:
WILLIAM MACKENZIE, 69, LUDGATK HILL.
EDINBURGH AND DUBLIN.
^3^/<2/ A SERIES OF
PICTUEESQUE VIEWS OP
SEATS
OF
THE NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN
OF
GREAl^ BRITAIN AND IRELAND
WITH DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL LETTERPRESS.
EDITED BY
THK KI':V. V. O. MORRIS, B.A.,
AUTHOR OP A "HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS," DEDICATED BY PERMISSIOX TO HER MAJESTY J'UE QUEEN.
VOL. IV.
LONDON:
A\I[JJAM MACKF.NZIK. 60. LLOfiATK IIII.L.
EDINBURGH AND DUBLIN.
CONTENTS.
AEtrjrDEL Castle. — Duke of ]!^orfolk . . . . .1
ExTON House. — Eael of Gain^sborough . . . . . 5
RoLLESTOisr Hall. — Mosley, Baeoxei ...... 7
LuMLEY Castle. — Eaul of Scaeboeough ..... 9
RusHTON Hall. — Claeke-Thoenhill . . . . . .11
Pepeu Haeow. — YiscouNT Midletox . . . . . 13
Capeenwray. — Maetox . . . . . . .15
BuLWELL Hall. — Coopee . . . . . . 17
Bishops Couet. — Eael of Cloxmell . . . . . .19
Heatox Paek. — Eael of "Wiltox . . . . . 21
Deujilaxeig Castle. — Duke of Buccleuch . . . . .23
Caexaxtox. — Will YAMS ...... 25
DrOMOLAXD. — LOED IxCHIQUIX . . . . . .27
LocKO Paek. — Deuey-Lowe . . . . . . 29
Eltox Hall. — Eael of Carysfoet . . . . . .31
Eastxor Castle. — Eaul Somees ...... 33
Galloavay House. — Earl of Galloway . . . . .35
Deexe Park. — Couxtess of Cardigax ..... 37
Adaee Maxoe. — Eael of Duxeavex . . . . . .39
Appleby Castle. — Tuftox, Baeoxet ..... 41
Kelhaji Hall. — Maxxees-Suttox . . . . . .43
Castle Coole. — Earl of Belmoee ..... 45
Kietlixg Towee. — Baeoxess jS'oeth . . . . . .47
Haddo House. — Eael of Aberdeex ..... 49
iv • CONTENTS.
FAGB
Baeons Cotjet. — DuKi; of Abeecoen . . . . .51
Walton Hall. — Moedaunt, Baeonex ..... 53
OxLEY Manoe. — Staveley-Hill . . . . . .55
Nethee Hall. — Geeene ...... 57
GuNTON Paek. — LoED Sttfeield . . . - • .59
Shelton Abbet. — Eael of Wicklow . . . . . 61
Ednaston Lodge. — Kingdon . . . . • .63
Peckfoeton Castle. — Baeon Tollemache ..... 65
Tyttenhangee Paek. — Countess of Caledon . . . . .67
Penshitrst Castle. — Loed d'Lisle and Dudley .... 69
SOMEELEYTON. CeOSSLEY, BaEONET . . . . . .71
TJndeeley Hall. — Eael of Beotive . . . . . 73
AsHCOMBE Paek. — Sneyd ....... 75
"Witchingham Hall. — Yiscount Canteebuey .... 77
Caledon. — Eael of Caledon . . . . . .79
Denby Geange. — Listee-Kaye, Baeonet. f Vignette Title.) ... 81
THE COUNTY SEATS.
ARUNDEL CASTLE,
NEAR ARUNDEL, SUSSEX. DUKE OF NORFOLK.
Arundel Castle, the ancient residence of tlie Dukes of Norfolk, is supposed to
have been built at the beginning of the reign of King Alfred, and the first
authentic notice we find of it is that it was bequeathed by that monarch to
his nephew Athelm. Some authors have supposed Bevis, from whom one of the
towers takes its name, to have been the founder of the Oastle of Arundel. Nothing
more, however, is known for certainty than that Bevis was Warder at the Gate
of the Earls of Arundel, and probably this tower was built for his reception.
The next historical notice to be found of Arundel Castle, is in a grant made of
it soon after the Norman Conquest by King William to Roger de Montgomery,
created Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, who repaired it. In "Doomsday Book"
it is described in the territory of Earl Roger, as a "Castle," which is the only
notice of a castle in that survey.
This old fortress suffered considerably during the Great Rebellion, and remained
in a ruinous condition until the year 1791, when the then Duke of Norfolk
restored a great part of it in the ancient style, and expended a considerable sum on
it every year until his death. To complete the alterations, it became necessary to
take down some of the most interesting parts of the building, but in many places
the original walls were built upon, and considerable taste and judgment were evinced
by his Grace in the selection of plans and materials.
The entrance gateway, anciently fortified by a drawbridge and portcullis, was built
by Richard Fitz-Alan, in the reign of Edward the First, and was repaired and
restored by the fifth Earl.
2 ARUNDEL CASTLE.
The domestic offices occupy the whole of the ground-floor, around a spacious
court; over these is a magnificent library, in imitation of the aisle of a Gothic
cathedral, (the ornaments of which are taken from the cloisters at Gloucester and
St. George^s, Windsor,) one hundred and seventeen feet long and thirty-five feet wide.
The ceiling, columns, etc., are entirely of mahogany. The library is calculated to
contain ten thousand volumes.
The Great Hall, called the Barons' Hall, was begun in 1806, and is seventy-one feet
by thirty-five, and thirty-six feet high, the roof being of Spanish chestnut curiously
wrought, and the plan taken from Westminster, Eltham, and Crosby Halls. There
is a series of stained glass windows, pourtraying the figure of some of the Barons
from whom the Duke of Norfolk is descended, the heads of which are portraits of
members of the Howard family. The window at the end of the hall represents King
John signing Magna Charta.
The dining-room is a large and handsome apartment, having at one end a window
of painted glass, representing Charles Howard, tenth Duke of Norfolk, and his
Duchess, in the character of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, at a banquet. At
the opposite end is an orchestra, and over the door is an imitation of basso-relievo,
by Le Brun, of Adam and Eve in Paradise.
Some of the walls, together with the Keep, are all that now remain of the ancient
Castle of Arundel. The Keep is a circular stone tower, sixty feet in diameter, and
is the most perfect in England.
At the time of the Great Rebellion Arundel Castle was first in the hands of the
Parliament, but was taken from them, after sustaining a siege of three days, by
Lord Hopton. Sir William Waller regained possession of it for the Parliament, with
equal facility, about six months after. The famous Chillingworth acted as engineer
on this occasion.
The descendants of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Arundel, to whom, as above
stated, this castle had been granted by the Conqueror, did not long keep possession
of it; for in the reign of Henry the First, Robert de Bellesme, who sided with
Robert, Duke of Normandy, in laying claim to the English crown, was, in consequence,
deprived of all his honours, and outlawed by the reigning monarch. After this, the
king settled the castle on Adeliza, his second queen, as part of her dower, and here
she continued to reside during the remainder of her life. Upon the accession of
King Stephen, Adeliza, refusing to countenance his usurpation, received the Empress
Matilda into her castle of Arundel, wherein she was closely besieged by Stephen.
There was an air of gallantry mixed with the warlike proceedings of this period,
scarcely to be expected; and upon this occasion, intimation being given to Stephen
that the Dowager Queen had received the Empress upon terms of hospitality, rather
than of hostility against him, Stephen suspended the siege, allowed Matilda to go
forth, and gave her a safe conduct to Bristol. Adeliza afterwards married William
de Albini, one of the most accomplished men of his age.
Thus coming into the family of Albini, Arundel Castle continued in their possession
until the death of Hugh, the last male heir, in 1243, when his estates were divided
among his four sisters. In consequence of this division the castle and manor of
AEUNDEL CASTLE. 3
Arundel went to Isabel, wife of John Fitz-Alan, who thereupon assumed the title of
Earl of Arundel.
Edmund, fourth Earl of Arundel in descent from John Fitz-Alan, forfeited all the
honours and estates of his family, in consequence of having joined the Barons in
their opposition to the favourites of King Edward the Second, which was considered
an act of rebellion. The king afterwards made a grant of Arundel Castle to Edmund
Woodstock, his uncle. The act of attainder was, however, reversed upon the accession
of Edward the Third, and Richard Fitz-Alan, son of the last possessor, was reinstated
in the family title and estates.
The Earls of Arundel, from their influence, were led to participate in all the
principal events of English history. Richard, Earl of Arundel, was accused of joining
in a conspiracy to dethrone Richard the Second, and, being found guilty of high
treason, was beheaded. The estates of this unfortunate nobleman were confiscated,
and given as a reward for services to the Earl Marshal, on whose testimony the Earl
of Arundel had been convicted. But this act of attainder was soon after reversed by
Henry the Fourth, and the son, Thomas Fitz-Alan, recovered possession of the family
estates. This nobleman died without issue in 1415, when the castle devolved upon
his cousin. Sir John Fitz-Alan, commonly called Sir John Arundel. About this time
a dispute arose respecting the title of Earl of Arundel. The contending parties were
this Sir John Arundel, who claimed a seat in the Upper House in right of his tenure
of the castle, and Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, who preferred the claim.
Judgment was given in favour of the former, and an Act of Parliament was passed
to the effect that the possession of this castle and honour conferred the dignity of
Earl without creation. The last male heir of the Fitz-Alans, who died in the reign
of Elizabeth, left an only daughter, who married Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk,
and thus conveyed the earldom and estate into that distinguished family, in which
they have ever since remained.
The ancient family of Howard is derived, according to Dugdale, from an eminent
judge of that name, who was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas from the
year 1297 to 1308, and who had large estates in the county of Norfolk.
Anything like a detailed account of the long line of representatives of the name
from that date to the present day would be quite beyond the limits to which I am
confined in these pages. The mere names of the heads of the family in succession
are all that I have space for; as follows: —
William Howard, the above-named judge.
Sir John Howard, Knight.
Sir John Howard, Knight.
Sir John Howard, Knight.
Sir Robert Howard, Knight.
Sir John Howard, Knight, summoned to Parliament as Lord Howard, and afterwards
created Earl Marshal op England and Duke op Norfolk, June 28th., 1483, his son
and heir being at the same time elevated to the Peerage as Earl op Surrey. He
IV. B
4 ARUNDEL CASTLE.
was a leading Yorkist, and fought on the side of Richard at Bosworth Field, with
whom he fell in the battle, disdaining to attend to a warning set upon his gate the
evening before, —
" Jockey of ISforfolk, be not too bold,
For Dickon thy master is bought and sold."
He was attainted by Parliament, November 7th., 1485, when all his honours became
forfeited; as was also his son,
Thomas Howakd, (Earl of Surrey,) who however, after being imprisoned in the
Tower for three years, was restored to the Dukedom, etc., and installed a Knight of
the Garter. His elder son,
Thomas Howard, third Duke, was also attainted in 1546, but restored in 1553, and
also installed a Knight of the Garter. He was followed (his son, Henry Howard,
Earl of Surrey, having been tyrannically executed by Henry the Eighth,) by his
grandson, son of the Earl,
Thomas Howard, fourth Duke. He too, was executed for high treason, on account
of his connection with Mary Queen of Scots, and all his honours were of course
forfeited, but his son,
Philip Howard, (Earl of Arundel,) also attainted, inherited in right of his mother
the feudal earldom of Arundel, as owner of Arundel Castle, the possession of which
conveys the title with it. His only son,
Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, born July 7th., 1592, was restored by James
the First to the Earldom of Surrey, and the other titles his father had forfeited.
Henry Frederick Howard, Earl op Arundel, who had been summoned to Parliament
as Baron Mowbray.
Thomas Howard, fifth Duke op Norfolk, (restored to the title by Act of Parliament
in 1664.)
Henry Howard, sixth Duke, created Baron Howard and Earl op Norwich, and also
Earl Marshal of England.
Henry Howard, K.G., seventh Duke.
Thomas Howard, eighth Duke.
Edward Howard, ninth Duke.
Charles Howard, tenth Duke.
Charles Howard, eleventh Duke.
Bernard Edward Howard, twelfth Duke.
Henry Charles Howard, thirteenth Duke.
Henry Granville Howard, fourteenth Duke, who took the name of Fitzalan before
that of Howard.
Henry Fitzalan Howard, fifteenth Duke.
EXTON HOUSE,
NEAE OAKHAM, RUTLANDSHIRE. — EARL OP GAINSBOROUGH.
ExTON House is situated upon the edge of a noble park containing one thousand
five hundred acres of land, three hundred of wood, and eighty of water. The park
is well stocked with deer. In the centre of it is Tunnelly Wood, and a ride through
it is called the Queen of Bohemia's Ride.
The new hall, which is about one hundred and fifty yards from the site of the old
family residence, the south-east wing of which was destroyed by fire in 1810, is a
large Elizabethan mansion, built at various periods since the year 1811. It was
commenced first of all by Sir Gerard Noel, Bart., as a sort of temporary residence
until the ravages of the fire in 1810 could be made good again; but as time went
on, building after building was added to the new edifice, and finally, in 1851-2, the
then Earl considerably enlarged it at a cost of several thousand pounds. The mansion
is of freestone, and contains a main building in three compartments, the lower part
of which consists of a fine drawing-room, ante drawing-room, dining-room flanked at
each end by an octagonal turret surmounted with a pinnacle, and there is a west
wing placed a little backward with a turret similar to those in front. In this part
of the building is a billiard room, and the access to this part of the house is by a
vestibule, ornamented on both sides with good family pictures. The hall and grand
staircase are extremely handsome. There is a well stocked library, which occupies
two rooms. The upper part of the house contains about forty bedrooms, and the
domestic ojfices form a square in the rear of the building.
The view from the south front of the house is charming, the ruins of the pic-
turesque old hall, with its grand gables, beautiful chimneys, and ivy-clad walls, and
the magnificent village church, are the principal objects at first sight, and the scene
is much heightened by the water and the noble trees adorning its banks, the prettily
laid out gardens and terraces, all adding to the charm of a scene which cannot fail
to delight the eye of all lovers of the picturesque.
The chapel at the east end of the house is cruciform in plan, with an apse, an
aisle, and sacristy on the north side, and a north porch to the nave: it is well
lighted by windows in the plinth of the superstructure. The style of architecture is
that which prevailed in England at the latter end of the thirteenth century, and it
combines and contrasts well with that of the mansion.
At the time of the Norman Conquest, Exton belonged to the Countess Judith,^
6 EXTON HOUSE.
who married Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland. Their heiress, Maude, married David,
King of Scotland. From him Bxton passed to the Bruces: afterwards to the
Greens, Culpeppers, and Harringtons, who held it for five generations.
Sir Baptist Hicks, Knight, bought it in the reign of James the First, and in
1628 he passed it to his son. Viscount Campden. Dying without issue, the estates
and titles devolved to Edward Noel, first Baron Noel of Ridlington, whose grandson
was created Earl of Gainsborough in 1682. On the death of Henry, sixth Earl of
Gainsborough, without issue, 1768, his titles became extinct, and he left his property
to his nephew, Gerard Noel Edwards, who in 1798 became Sir Gerard Noel, Baronet.
The Honourable Charles Noel Noel succeeded to Exton after the death of his father.
Sir G. Noel, and was Baron Barham in right of his mother, and was created Earl
of Gainsborough and Viscount Campden in the year 1841. His son. Sir Charles
George Noel, succeeded to the estates upon the death of his father, June 10th., 1866.
The ancestor of the Earls of Gainsborough was — Noel, who came, with his wife
Celestria, into England with William the Conqueror in 1066. His son Robert had,
in the reign of Henry the First, a grant of the greater part of Gainsborough, in the
county of Lincoln. William the Conqueror had previously granted to his father, for
Ms services, the manors of Ellenhall, Wiverstone, Podmore, etc., in Staffordshire.
ROLLESTON HALL,
NEAR BURTON-UPON-TRENT, STAFFORDSHIRE. — MOSLEY, BARONET.
RoLLESTON Hall is situated about a mile from Tutbury Castle.
The site appears to have been occupied as a residence ever since the early part of
the reign of King Henry the Third, but the present mansion is almost entirely new,
the principal part of the former structure having been destroyed by fire in October,
1871.
The Civil War has left its stamp upon this place, for, on the 25th. of May, 1645,
King Charles the First came with his army, under the command of Lord Lough-
borough, to Tutbury Castle, and some of the soldiers were quartered at Rolleston,
under a certain Captain Symonds, who seems to have amused himself by taking
notes of the coats of arms in the church, which memoranda are still preserved
amongst the Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum.
The estate formerly belonged to a family of the name of Rolleston, until it was
bought from them by Sir Edward Mosley, Knight, Attorney- General for the Duchy
of Lancaster, about the latter end of the seventeenth century, and upon the failure
of issue of Sir Edward Mosley, Baronet, (representative of the senior line of the
present family,) who married Catherine, daughter of William, Lord Grey of Wark,
the title became extinct; and his widow marrying Charles, son and heir of Dudley,
Lord North, he thereby became possessed of the Rolleston estate and manor, which
she had in jointure, and was by special writ summoned to Parliament by the title
of Lord North and Grey of Rolleston, in the twenty-fifth year of King Charles the
Second.
The descent of the family is as follows: —
Edward Mosley, Esq., of Houghead, in the county of Lancaster, married Margaret,
daughter of Alexander Elcock, Esq., of Hilgate, Cheshire, and had three sons, of
whom the youngest,
Anthony Mosley, Esq., of Ancoats, Lancashire, married Anne, daughter and co-
heiress of Ralph Lowe, Esq., of Mile End, in Cheshire, and had a large family, of
whom the eldest son,
Nicholas Mosley, Esq., of Ancoats, married Jane, daughter of John Lever, Esq.,
of Alkrington, in Lancashire, and was succeeded by his son.
8 ROLLESTON HALL.
Oswald Mosley, Esq., of Ancoats, and Rolleston, in Staffordshire, who married
Mary, daughter of Joseph Yates, Esq., of Stanley House, near Blackburn, and dying
in advanced age in 1726, left issue, of whom
Oswald Mosley, Esq., of Rolleston Hall and Ancoats, was Sheriff of Staffordshire
in 1715, and was created a Baronet by George the First, June 18th,, 1720. He
married Elizabeth, daughter of John Thornhaugh, Esq., of Fenton, Nottinghamshire,
and had issue two sons, of whom the elder.
Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, died unmarried February 26th., 1757, and was
followed by his brother.
The Rev. Sir John Mosley, who also died unmarried, when the estates devolved
on his cousin,
John Parker Mosley, who then became of Rolleston Hall, and was created a
Baronet, March 24th., 1781. He married, April 7th., 1760, Elizabeth, daughter of
James Bayley, Esq., of Withington, Lancashire, and had
Oswald Mosley, Esq., of Bolesworth Castle, Cheshire, born March 17th., 1761,
married, in 1784, Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Thomas Tonman, Rector of Little
Budworth, in Cheshire, and died in his father's lifetime, July 27th., 1789, leaving,
with several other children, an eldest son, who succeeded as second Baronet under
the new creation, and so became
Sir Oswald Mosley, Baronet, of Rolleston Hall and Ancoats, born March 27th.,
1785, married, January 31st., 1804, to Sophia Anne, second daughter of Sir Edward
Every, Baronet, of Egginton, by whom he had three sons, of whom the second.
Sir Tonman Mosley, Baronet, born July 19th., 1813, an ofl&cer in the Enniskillen
Dragoons, married February 4th., 1847, Catherine, daughter of the Rev. John Wood,
of Swanwick, Derbyshire, and had three sons, the eldest being
Oswald Mosley, Esq.
LUMLEY CASTLE,
NEAR CHESTER-LE-STREET, DURHAM. — EARL OP SCARBOROUGH.
I HAVE already stated in a previous volume of this work that Sir Bernard Burke had
obligingly given me leave to make whatever use I pleased of his valuable collections as
published by him, and the following account is accordingly made use of from his : —
"This castle stands on a fine eminence bounded upon the north by Lumley beck,
or brook, and rising gradually on the east and west sides from the river Wear.
The east front, one hundred and seventy-five feet long, is close upon the brow of
a deep, well-wooded ravine, a terrace only intervening between the castle and the
dell, through which the Lumley beck winds its way to the river just mentioned.
At one time this terrace was guarded by a curtain-wall.
The chief entrance to the castle is at the west front, by a double flight of steps,
leading to a broad and lofty platform, commanding a splendid prospect. It occupies
the centre span between the towers — an extent of ninety-four feet. The whole front
is no less than one hundred and seventy-five feet. Over the centre of the gateway
are two small escutcheons, the dexter charged with a fleur-de-lis, and the sinister
with a rose. From these depend two long strings of armorial shields, nine from
the lily, and as many from the rose, including all the matches in the family from
Linulph to John, Lord Lumley. On the flanking or projecting towers, upon each
side of this armorial gateway, are two tablets of black marble, one inscribed with
the family motto, Murus ceneus conscientia sana; the other inscription is eflaced;
beneath are two marble fountains. Three stages of masonry rise above each other,
their muUioned windows heavily barred with iron, and a noble gatehouse projects
from the centre of this part of the building, guarded by overhanging turrets, and
a machiolated gallery. Above the gate are six shields with armorial bearings, three
and three, deeply carved in stone with their crests; the date of its alteration by
Sir Ralph Lumley was in the reign of Bichard II., when he obtained licence from
the king (in 1389) as well as from Bishop Skirlaw, to repair his castle, build a
wall with mortar and stone, and strengthen the former structure. It would seem
that the original fabric had been erected by Sir Robert Lumley in the time of
Edward L, and enlarged by his son. Sir Marmaduke.^^
This ancient family derives its origin from
OsBERT DB Lumley, whose son was
10 LUMLEY CASTLE.
LiULPH, a nobleman living in the reign of Edward the Confessor, who was murdered
by one Leoferiso, apparently a foreigner, from his name. Chaplain to Walcher, Bishop
of Durham, both of whom were soon after murdered themselves by the populace. He
married Algitha, daughter of Alfred, Earl of Northumberland, and their eldest son
succeeded as
Ughtked de Lumley, After him came the following long line of descendants,
whose names only my limited space enables me to give.
EoGER DE Lumley.
Sib Egbert de Lumley.
Sir Marmadukb de Lumley.
Egbert de Lumley.
Sir Ealph de Lumley, summoned to Parliament from 1384 to 1399. He was,
however, attainted for joining in the rebellion of Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent,
and died on the field of battle. His brother.
Sir John de Lumley, Lord Lumley, had a son,
Thomas de Lumley, Lord Lumley, who was granted by Parliament a reversal of
the attainder of his grandfather. His grandson,
EiCHARD, Lord Lumley, was summoned to Parliament in 1509. His eldest son,
John, Lord Lumley, had an only son,
George, Lord Lumley, implicated in the treason of Lord Darcy, was committed
to the Tower and executed. His grandson,
John, Lord Lumley, was restored to the forfeited title by an Act of Parliament
passed in 1547. His kinsman.
Sir Eichard Lumley, was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland, as Yiscount Lumley,
of Waterford, July 12th., 1628. He was followed by his grandson,
Eichard Lumley, second Viscount Lumley, raised to the Peerage of England
May, 31st., 1681, as Baron Lumley, of Lumley Castle, and created, April 10th.,
1689, Viscount Lumley and Earl op Scarborough. His eldest son was
Eichard Lumley, second Earl of Scarborough, K.G., at whose decease, unmarried,
in 1740, the honours devolved on his brother,
Thomas Lumley, third Earl, K.G., who had assumed the additional name of Saun-
derson, by Act of Parliament in 1723, on inheriting the estates of James Saunderson,
Earl of Castleton, in Ireland. He died in 1752, and was succeeded by
Eichard Lumley, fourth Earl, whose eldest son,
George Augusta Lumley, fifth Earl, was followed by his brother,
Eichard Lumley, sixth Earl, and he by his next brother.
The Eev. John Lumley, seventh Earl, Prebendary of York, who assumed the
additional surname of Savile, and whose second surviving son,
John Lumley, eighth Earl, was succeeded by
Eichard George Lumley, ninth Earl of Scarborough, who had, with other issue,
a second surviving son,
Alfred Frederick George Beresford Lumley, Viscount Lumley, born November
16th., 1857.
I
RUSHTON HALL,
NEAR KETTEEING, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — CLAEKE-THORNHILL.
RusHTON Hall was commenced by Sir Thomas Tresliam about 1527, but apparently
was not finished for some few years afterwards, there being later dates on portions
of the building.
The house surrounds three sides of a quadrangle, having upon the front a fine
Doric screen.
Sir Thomas Tresham was succeeded in his house and estates by his son
Francis Tresham, whose estates were forfeited to the crown on account of the part
he took in the Gunpowder Plot.
Rushton then passed into the hands of
Sir William Cockayne, in whose family it remained till 1823.
W. W. Hope, Esq., then became possessed of the estate; and in 1854 it was pur-
chased by
Miss Thornhill, and at her death went to her husband,
W. C. Clarke-Thornhill, Esq.
There is a curious building in the grounds of Rushton, about half a mile from
the Hall, called the Triangular Lodge, built by Sir Thomas Tresham in 1595. It is
very rich in architectural beauty, and is supposed to have been one of the places of
meeting for the conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot.
I copy the following description of some of the features of the house from Sir
Bernard Burke's work: —
"The great hall occupies the south side of the court. It is a spacious room,
lighted by mullioned windows, and having a highly ornamented roof that runs up
to the entire height of the edifice. The rafters rise with a lofty pitch, connected
about the centre of each by tie-beams, and formed into an enormous arch by com-
passed timbers, springing from the walls. The spandrils are filled with open tracery,
every member having an appropriate enrichment, no less light than bold and imposing.
At the bottom of the hall is a Doric screen of six engaged columns on pedestals,
having two arches of entrance from the parlour, kitchen, battery, etc. Over the
entablature of the screen are statues of the Four Cardinal Virtues, with the figure
of Charity in the centre. The great gallery, extending to one hundred and twenty-
five feet, occupies the whole length of the north wing. It is panelled with oak,
and contains the pedigree of the Cockaynes, somewhat defaced by the inroads of
IV. c
12 RUSHTON HALL.
time, but still Mglily curious and interesting. One room bears the name of the
Duke^s Chamber, from the tradition of its having been inhabited by the Duke of
Monmouth when he was concealed at Rushton by Elizabeth (daughter of Sir Francis
Trentham) the second Viscountess Cullen, and one of the beauties at the Court of
Charles 11. But the most curious, as well as the most ancient part of the building,
is a small oratory leading from the great staircase containing a representation, in
basso relievo, of the Crucifixiou, composed of numerous characters, with a Latin
inscription in gold characters.
A peculiar interest attaches to that portion of the grounds called the wilderness.
It is there that Dryden is said to have composed his poem of 'The Hind and
Panther;' and it perhaps acquires a yet deeper significance from the fact that the
alcove, built amongst its thickets, commands a distant view of Nasehy Field. The
circumstance is thus recorded upon a tablet in the alcove by Dr. Bennett, late Bishop
of Cloyne : —
"Where yon blue field scarce meets our straining eyes,
A fatal name for England — Naseby lies."
It was in a summer house at Newton — belonging to another branch of the Tresham
family — that the framers of the Gunpowder Plot used to concoct their plans.''
Thomas Truesdale Clarke, Esq., of Swakeleys, in the county of Middlesex,
married Jane Selina Capel, eldest daughter of the Hon. and Rev. William Robert
Capel, third son of William Anne Capel, fourth Earl of Essex. Their son,
William Capel Clarke (Thornhill,) Esq., J.P., and Captain in the Third Regiment
of Fusiliers, assumed the additional surname of Thornhill in consequence of his
marriage with Miss Clara Thornhill, daughter and coheiress of Thomas Thornhill,
Esq., of Fixby Hall and Riddleworth Hall, in Yorkshire, and had, with other issue,
Thomas Bryan Clarke-Thornhill, born March 13th., 1857.
PEPER HAEOW,
NEAR GODALMING, SURREY. VISCOUNT MIDLETON.
The parish of this name is supposed to have been thus called from some ancient
proprietor of the name of Pepard or Pipard.
In Domesday Book it is denominated Piperherge, and stated to have been then held
by Walter Fitz Other, Castellan of Windsor, and under him again by one Girard.
The manor of Peper Harow continued in his family till his great-grandson,
Walter de Windsor, who leaving no sons, the property was divided between his
two daughters,
Christian, married to Duncan de Lascells, and
GuNNORA, the wife of Ralph de Hesdeng. This was in the reign of King John, when
the manor appears to have been alienated.
In the time of Henry the Third it was held by
William Branche, with whose wife, Joan, it remained till her re-marriage with
Peter de Bosted, in the seventh year of the reign of Edward I. The estate appears
to have been mortgaged, for it was recovered from the son of the above-named,
Sir Nicholas Branche, by
Henry de Gueldepord, by a writ of Novel Disseisin.
It was next possessed by the family of
Stockton or Stoughton, but again reverted to one of the family of the previous
owner, for in the year 1354,
Andr^iw Branche died seized of the manor, after him, it came to
Thomas Branche, who died unmarried in 1361.
Sir Bernard Brocas was lord in the forty-third of Edward the Third, and Chamber-
lain to Anne of Bohemia, the first consort of Eichard II, and Master of the Buck-
hounds, an office hereditary in his family. He died in 1396, and was succeeded by
his son.
Sir Bernard Brocas, who having engaged in a conspiracy against King Henry IV.
together with the Dukes of Exeter and Surrey and the Earls of Salisbury and Gloucester,
was arrested at Cirencester, and beheaded on Tower Hill in January, 1400, his estate
being escheated to the crown; but his son,
William Brocas, had the forfeited estates restored to him, and they continued with
his family till the time of his great grandson, also called
William Brocas, who died in 1506, leaving two daughters coheiresses, one of whom
dying unmarried, her share of the property went to her sister, the wife of
14 PEPER HAROW.
Ralph Peckshall^ Master of the Backhounds to Edward the Sixths jtire uxoris.
His son and successor,
Sir Ralph Peckshall, died in 1571, leaving four daughters, by whom the property-
was sold to
Henry Smith, Esq., who in 1609 conveyed it to
Sir Walter Covert, whose heirs and devises, in the year 1655, joined in a sale
of it to
Denzill Holles, afterwards Lord Holles, who had married the widow of Sir Walter
Covert. He died in 1680, and on the decease of his grandson,
Denzill, Lord Holles, in 1694, the estate descended to
John, Earl op Clare, by whom, under authority of an act of parliament for the
purpose, it was conveyed to
Philip Frowde, Esq., Postmaster-General in the reign of Queen Anne, and of him
it was purchased, in the year 1713, by
Alan Brodrick, afterwards created Viscount Midleton, of the Kingdom of Ireland,
and speaker of the Irish House of Commons. He was followed by
Alan Brodrick, second Viscount, one of the Commissioners of Customs, and M.P.
for Midhurst. He married, in 1729, Mary, youngest daughter of Algernon, Earl of
Essex, by whom he left, at his decease in 1747, an only son, his successor,
George Brodrick, third Viscount, who married. May 1st., 1752, Albinia, eldest
daughter of the Hon. Thomas Townshead, and had, with other children
George Brodrick, fourth Viscount, who was created a Peer of the United Kingdom
as Baron Brodrick, of Peper Harow, May 28th,, 1798. He married first, December
4th., 1776, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Pelham, first Earl of Chichester; and
secondly, June 13th., 1797, Maria, daughter of Richard Benyon, Esq., of Gildea Hall,
in Essex, and had, with five daughters, one son,
George Alan Brodrick, fifth Viscount, born June 10th., 1806, married. May 4th.,
1833, Ellen, daughter of Mr. Griffith, and dying without issue, November 1st., 1848,
was succeeded by his cousin,
Charles Brodrick, sixth Viscount, born September 14th., 1791, who married. May
5th., 1825, Emma, third daughter of Thomas, twenty-second Lord Despencer, and
having no son, but only daughters, was succeeded by his next brother.
The Rev. William John Brodrick, seventh Viscount, Dean of Exeter, and Chaplain
to the Queen. Born July 8th., 1798. He married first, March 16th., 1824, Elizabeth
Anne, eldest daughter of Robert, sixth Earl of Cardigan, widow of the Hon. John
Perceval, but had no issue. He married, secondly, March 31st., 1829, his first
cousin, Harriet, daughter of his uncle George, fourth Viscount, and had, with other
children,
William Brodrick, eighth Viscount, J. P. and D.L. for Surrey, Lord High Steward
of Kingston-on-Thames, and some time M.P. for Mid Surrey, born January 6th., 1830.
He married, October 25th., 1853, Augusta Mary, third daughter of the Right Hon.
Thomas Francis, first Lord Cottesloe, and had with several other children, an eldest
son,
William St. John Fremantle Brodrick, born December 14th., 1856.
CAPERNWRAY,
NEAR LANCASTER, LANCASHIRE. — MARTON.
This mansion, which stands about ten miles north-east of Lancaster, contains a
good collection of pictures.
The architecture is in the early Tudor style.
The family of Marton was originally seated at Marton Hall, in the West Riding
of Yorkshire.
Shortly subsequent to the Conquest, Paganus de Marton was Lord of East and
West Marton, which lordships, with others in Craven, were held by his descendants
for several centuries.
Afterwards the Martens moved to the Forest of Bowland, and from thence to the
estates they now hold in the above-named county.
Oliver Marton, born in 1668, first held the manor and estate of Capernwray.
The following is a connected account of the family descent, as given by Sir Bernard
Barke in his history of the "Landed Gentry:" —
Christopher Marton, Lord of Marton, was father of
Lancelot Marton, whose son,
William Marton, had a successor of the same name,
William Marton. His second son,
Oliver Marton, born in 1688, D.L., Eecorder, Patron of the Vicarage of Lancaster,
and Steward of Lonsdale, married, first, Grace, daughter of — Serle, who died without
children, and secondly Jane, daughter of Roger Wilson, Esq., of Casterton, Westmore-
land, and their eldest son,
Edward Marton, Esq., of Capernwray, D.L., M.P. for Lancaster, and Steward of
Lonsdale, dying without issue, was followed by the fourth surviving son,
The Rev. Oliver Marton, LL.B., Patron and Vicar of Lancaster, married Priscilla
Anne, daughter and heiress of Admiral Edwards, R.N., and had issue two sons, of
whom the elder,
Oliver Marton, Esq., of Capernwray, was succeeded by his nephew,
George Marton, Esq., of Capernwray Hall and Berwick Hall, J.P., and D.L., M.P.
for Lancaster, High Sheriff in 1858, and a Member of Her Majesty's Privy Council,
16 CAPERNWRAY.
married, in November, 1833, Lucy Sarah, daughter of the Right Hon. Sir Robert
Dallas, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and had, with other
children,
George Blucher Heneage Marton, Esq., J. P., born 1839, who succeeded to
Capernwray Hall and Berwick Hall. He married. May 1st., 1866, the Hon. Caroline
Gertrude Flower, youngest daughter of Henry, fifth Viscount Ashbrook, and has
issue,
George Henry Powys Marton, born April 11th., 1869.
Richard Oliver Marton, born August 19th., 1872.
Augusta Adelaide Cicely Marton.
Lucy Madeline Marton.
Florence Augusta Marton.
BULWELL HALL,
NEAR BDLWELLj NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — COOPER.
BuLWELL Hall, whicli is a large and Landsome stone mansion, is very pleasantly-
situated upon a commanding eminence about a mile and a half to tlie west of the
village from which it takes its name.
The Hall was built in 1770 by John Newton, Esq., from whose family, at his death,
it passed to Mr. Padley, and then to the Rev, Charles Padley, who sold it to Samuel
Thomas Cooper, Esq., who considerably enlarged the mansion and improved the sur-
rounding grounds. It then became the residence of Mrs. Cooper, his widow.
Mr. Cooper, who was Lord of the Manor, and also patron of the Rectory of
Bulwell, built large and handsome schools of stone, in the Gothic style of archi-
tecture. They stand in the main street of the village, and are provided with
extensive playgrounds attached to them.
The estate is of considerable extent, and the grounds have the ornament of a
small lake, which covers about seven acres in extent, with some fine old timber, and
a good deal of ornamental planting, the park, with the woods, occupying over two
hundred acres.
There are many fine pictures in the house by ancient and modern masters.
The following is a catalogue of the principal ones in the collection.
Portrait, Rembrandt.
do. do.
Grand Canal — Venice, Canaletti.
Venice, Canaletti.
Landscape, Teniers.
do. do.
Vale of Avoca, Glover.
Adoration of Shepherds, Fergh.
Venus, Albano.
Hall of the Caesars, Viviani.
Cattle, Rosa da Tivoli.
Boar Hunt, Pietro Valelli.
Magi, Rubens.
Market Place, Onwater.
18 BULWELL HALL.
Landscape, A. W. Williams.
Sea Piece, Isabey.
Galileo, Mignard.
Sherwood Forest, Dawson.
Portrait of Mrs. Cooper, Buckner.
St. Francis, Murillo.
The Crucifixion, Murillo.
St. Sebastian, Spagnioletti.
La Tarantula, Painter unknown.
Auberge, Painter unknown.
do. do.
do. do.
St. Sebastian, Piombino.
Virgin and Child, Murillo.
BISHOPS COURT,
NEAR STEAPPAN, COUNTY KILDARE, IRELAND. — EARL OP CLONMELL.
Bishops Court, the seat of the Earl of Clonmell, is handsomely situated in a very-
extensive demesne, four miles from Naas and twelve from Dublin.
It was built by Lord Ponsonby, and was purchased in the year 1838 from the
Hon. Frederick Ponsonby, by John Henry, third Earl of Clonmell.
The family of Lord Clonmell derives from
Captain Thomas Scott, father of
Michael Scott, Esq., who, by his wife. Miss Purcell, of the family of the titular
Barons of Loughmoe, of that name, had a son,
John Scott, Esq., successively Solicitor- General, Attorney- General, and Prime
Sergeant of L-eland, between the years 1774 and 1783. In the year 1784 he was
made Chief Justice of the Court of King^s Bench, and created, on the 10th. of
May in that year. Baron Earlsfort. On the 18th. of August, 1789, his Lordship
was further raised to the dignity of Yiscount op Clonmell, and to that of Earl op
Clonmell December 20th., 1793. He married twice. By his first lady, Catherine
Anne Maria, daughter of Thomas Mathew, Esq., sister of Francis, first Earl of
Llandafi", and widow of P. Roe, Esq., he had no surviving issue. He married, secondly,
Margaret, the daughter and heiress of Patrick Lawless, Esq., of Dublin, and had
with a daughter, married to John Reginald, Earl of Beauchamp, himself dying May
23rd., 1798, a son,
Thomas Scott, second Earl op Clonmell, father, by his wife Henrietta Louisa,
daughter of George, second Earl of Brooke and Warwick, of nine children, of whom
the eldest,
John Henry Scott, third Earl op Clonmell, born January 4th., 1817, married,
April 27th., 1838, to the Honourable Anne de Burgh, eldest daughter and coheiress
of Ulysses de Burgh, second Lord Downes, by whom he had, with several other
children,
John Henry Reginald Scott, born March 2nd., 1839, fifth Earl and Viscount
OP Clonmell, and Baron Earlsfort, County of Tipperary, in the Peerage of Ireland,
late Lieutenant in the First Life Guards.
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HEATON PARK,
NEAR PEESTWICH, LANCASHIRE. — EARL OF WILTON.
Heaton Park is situated about four miles from Manchester, and is a handsome
stone structure, built under the superintendence of Wyatt, with columns of the Ionic
order and a circular projection in the centre, surmounted by a spacious dome.
On a rising ground at some distance is a round temple, from which very extensive
views are obtained over the four adjoining counties of York, Derby, Chester, and
Stafford.
The park, which is well wooded and extensive, being about five miles in circumference,
is approached by a drive, at the entrance to which is a handsome lodge of the Doric
order of architecture.
Adam de Heton was the earliest recorded dweller at this place, as mentioned in
the "Testa de Nevill." This was in the reign of Henry the Third.
Later on, the estate came into possession of a family of the name of
Langley, from which again it passed, by the marriage of Margaret, daughter and
coheiress of Sir Robert Langley, to
Richard Holland, Esq., of Denton.
The descendant of this alliance,
Edward Holland, Esq., of Heaton and Denton, left at his decease a sister and sole
heiress, Elizabeth, who married
Sir John Egerton, Bart., of Oulton Park, whose great grandson.
Sir Thomas Grey Egerton, Bart., was created Baron Grey db Wilton in 1784.
His daughter and eventual heiress,
Eleanor Egerton, married in April, 1794, Robert, Viscount Grosvenor, of the family
of the Marquis of Westminster, whose second son,
The Hon. Thomas Grosvenor, inherited by special remainder, at the death of his
father in ]814, when the Barony expired, the Eai-ldom and Viscountcy of Grey de
Wilton, while the Baronetcy passed in due course to the Egerton family.
The family of Grosvenor is of French extraction, as already stated in a previous
volume of this work.
Sir Richard Grosvenor, Knight, was created a Baronet February 23rd., 1621-2.
22 HEATON PARK.
The seventli successor of the title after him was elevated to the peerage, April the
8th., 1761, as Baron Grosvenor, of Eaton, in the County Palatine of Chester, and
further advanced to the dignities of Viscount Belgrave and Earl Grosvenor July 5th,,
1784. He was great grandfather of the first Duke of Westminster.
DRUMLANRIG CASTLE,
DUMPEIESSHIEE, SCOTLAND. — DUKE OP BUCCLEUCH.
This magnificent seat of the Duke of Buccleuch is situated in tlie parish of Duris-
deer, on a knoll of rising ground on the right bank of the river Nith, and for
several miles forms an attractive feature in the rich and varied landscape of the
picturesque vale through which that river flows.
The Castle is a hollow square, four stories high, surmounted with turrets at the
angles. From the inner court staircases ascend at the angles in semicircular towers.
On the architraves of the windows and doors is a profuse adornment of hearts and
stars, the arms of the Douglases.
The main front is towards the north, but the building has also a noble appearance
to the east, combining on each side the aspects of strength and beauty. The archi-
tecture is of a Gothic character. This huge castle occupied ten years in building,
and was completed in 1689, the year after the Revolution. William, first Duke of
Queensberry, planned and completed it, expending upon it enormous sums of money.
A defaced portrait of William the Third is still a memorial of this building having
been occupied by the Highlanders during their march in 1745.
Drumlanrig was the principal residence of the family of Queensberry; but on the
death of Charles, the third Duke, in 1777, leaving no male issue, it passed, along
with the titles attaching to the Queensberry family, to William, Earl of March, and
upon the death of the latter, in 1810, it went by entail to the Duke of Buccleuch.
For a considerable period the castle was unoccupied, greatly neglected, and defaced;
but the succeeding proprietor, adopting it as his residence on attaining his majority
in 1827, immediately commenced restoring the house and beautifying the grounds
around it.
Pennant writes: — '^ The beauties of Drumlanrig are not confined to the highest part
of the grounds; the walks, for a very considerable way by the sides of the Nith,
abound with most picturesque and various scenery. Below the bridge the sides are
prettily wooded, but not remarkably lofty; above, the views become wildly magnificent.
The river runs through a deep and rocky channel, bounded by vast wooded cliffs,
which rise suddenly from its margin; and the prospect down from the summit is of
a terrific depth, increased by the rolling of the black waters beneath. Two views are
particularly fine: one of quick repeated but extensive meanders amidst broken sharp-
pointed rocks, which often divide the river into several channels, interrupted by short
24 DRUMLANKIG CASTLE.
and foaming rapids coloured witli a moory tint; the otlier is of a long strait, narrowed
by the sides, precipitous and wooded, approaching each other equidistant, horrible
from the blackness and fury of the river, and the fiery red and black colours of the
rocks, that have all the appearance of having sustained a change by the rage of another
element/'
The noble family of the Duke of Buccleuch descends in the male line from
Thomas Cornwallis, of London, living in 1378, ancestor of the Lords of that
name, one of whom, namely,
Charles Cornwallis, third Lord Cornwallis, married Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch,
widow of the second Earl and second Duke, and was ancestor of the present ducal
family of the name.
The following titles have at one time or other been acquired or inherited by
members of this great house: —
Duke of Buccleuch.
Duke of Queensberry.
Earl of Drumlanrig.
Earl of Buccleuch.
Earl of Sanquhar.
Earl of Dalkeith.
Earl of Doncaster.
Yiscount Nith.
Viscount Thortholwald.
Viscount Ross.
Baron Douglas of Kinmount.
Baron Middlebie.
Baron Dornock.
Baron Scott of Whitchester.
Baron Eskdale.
Baron Montagu.
Baron Tynedale,
CAENANTON,
NEAR ST. COLOMB, CORNWALL. WILLYAMS.
Carnanton House is romantically situated among beautiful woods at the head of
the far-famed valley of Lauherne, and is about two miles from the rocky and iron-
bound coast of North Cornwall.
The family of Willyams, or as it was formerly spelt, Wyllyams, came into the
county about the year 1485, the parent stock being in Dorsetshire.
Thomas Will yams, who was born in 1524, was Speaker of the House of Commons
in 1562. In the parish church there is now standing a monument to his memory,
bearing a complimentary, but quaint inscription.
John Will yams, of Roseworthy, who was born in 1660, married the youugest
daughter and co-heiress of Colonel Humphrey Noye, of Carnanton, only son of
William Noye, Attorney-General to Charles the First, "of blessed memory," as his
monument in Mawgan Church imports, and by whom the Carnanton estates came
into the family.
Mr. Willyams, conspicuous for his active and zealous adherence to the Stuarts,
suffered much persecution for his attachment to that unfortunate house. He was
deprived of his Commission of the Peace during the reign of William and Mary,
but restored soon after the accession of Queen Anne.
A good picture of James the Second, now at Carnanton, was found secreted in the
roof of the old mansion.
Thomas Willyams, born in 1505, left, by Jane his wife, with two other sons, his
heir,
William Willyams, of Roseworthy, (by gift of Sir John Arundel, of Lauherne,)
who married four times. He died June 12th., 1623, and was succeeded by his son,
by his third wife, Alice Honeychurch,
William Willyams, Esq., born November 27th., 1598. He married, June 26th.,
1620, Jane, daughter and heiress of Michael Vyvyan, Esq., of Phillack, and by her
had, with other issue, a son,
Humphrey Willyams, Esq., born in October, 1629, who married, August, 1658,
Dorothy, sister and eventual heiress of Thomas Addington, Esq., of Leigh, Devon-
, shire, and had, besides other children,
John Willyams, Esq., of Roseworthy, J. P., born September, 1660. He married.
26 * CARNANTON.
first, in 1685, Bridgeman, youngest daughter and co-heiress of Colonel Humphrey Noye,
of Carnanton, Attorney-General to King Charles the First, but by her had no issue.
He married, secondly, Dorothy, daughter and heiress of Peter Day, Esq., of Resuggan,
and had
John Willyams, Esq., of Roseworthy and Carnanton, born in March, 1701, who
married, in 1723, Anne, daughter and heiress of John Oliver, Esq., and had
James Willyams, Esq., born March 8th., 1780, married Anne, daughter of William
Jane, Esq. The eldest son and heir,
James Willyams, Esq., of Truro, J.P. and D.L., born September 30th., 1741, who
married, in 1770, Anne, only daughter of William Champion, Esq., of Wormley,
Gloucestershire, and on the death of his relative, the above-named John Oliver
Willyams, succeeded to the Roseworthy and Carnanton estates. He died the 10th.
of Februai-y, 1828, and was followed by his son,
Humphrey Willyams, Esq., of Roseworthy and Carnanton, J.P., D.L., High Sheriff
of Cornwall, 1859-60, and M.P. for Truro from 1848 to 1852, born April 20th.,
1792. He married, January 14th., 1822, Ellen Frances, youngest daughter of William
Brydges Neynoe, Esq., of Castle JSTeynoe, in the county of Sligo, and had, with
other children, an elder surviving son,
Edward Brydges Willyams, of Carnanton, J.P., D.L., and Deputy- Warden of the
Stannaries, born 5th. November, 1835, married, 1856, Jane, daughter and co-heiress
of Sir Trevor Wheler, Baronet, of Leamington Hastings, Warwickshire, M.P. for
Truro from 1857 to 1860, and for East Cornwall from 1868 to 1874, when he
retired.
DROMOLAND,
NEAR NEWMARKET-ON-FEEGUS, COUNTY CLARE, IRELAND. — LORD INCHIQUIN.
Dromoland Castle is situated about two miles from the ArdsoUus Station, on the
Limerick and Ennis Railway.
It is a modern castellated building of chiseled grey limestone, and stands, over-
looking a lake, in the middle of a prettily wooded park of over fifteen hundred
acres. It is built on the site of an older house of Grecian architecture, which had
in its time replaced a more ancient castle. It was begun about 1825, and finished
ten years later, by Sir Edward O'Brien, the fourth Baronet, Mr. J. Payne (a pupil
of Nash's) being the architect.
From hills inside the demesne there are extensive views over the Valley of the
Shannon and Fergus, the Old Race-course Stand forming a conspicuous landmark
in the navigation of the latter river.
The castle contains some interesting relics of ancient times, as well as a good
collection of family portraits, and a large library.
Among the pictures may be mentioned a life-sized equestrian portrait in the hall
of Donough Carbraic O'Brien, descendant of Brien Borohme, King of Ireland, and
ancestor of the O'Brien family: there is an inscription in the corner of the
picture, — "Donatus O'Bi'ien, quondam Hibernorum Rex, A.D. 1250." Also a full-
length portrait of Queen Anne, by Sir Godfrey Kneller, given by her to Sir
Donough O'Brien, first Baronet, whose eldest son married Catherine Keightley,
daughter of Lady Frances Keightley, daughter of the first Lord Clarendon, and aunt
to Queen Mary and Queen Anne. Among the other pictures of interest are Queen
Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles the First, by Vandyke; portraits of several of the
Earls of Thomond and Inchiquin, as well as many of the Clarendon and Keightley
families, and also some curious hunting and racing pictures of the last century.
In the hall is a large antique table of curio as manufacture, a relic of the Spanish
Armada, which was washed ashore at Miltown Malbay, on the coast of Clare.
There are also in the gallery some curious ancient tablets of bog oak, representing
the life and death of Brien Borohme, who was slain at Contarf in A.D. 1010, as
well as a bronze effigy supposed to have been at one time fastened on that monarch's
tomb.
The family of O'Brien, of which Lord Inchiquin is the head, is one of the
IV. E
28 ^ DROMOLAND.
oldest in Ireland. They maintained an independent sovereignty over a large part
of the South of Ireland up to a late period, A.D. 1543, when Murrough O'Brien,
the then Tanist, or Monarch, resigned his princedom to Henry the Eighth, and
accepted the titles of Earl of Thomond and Baron of Inchiquin.
LOCKO PARK,
NEAR DERBY, DERBYSHIRE. — DRURY-LOWE.
LoCKO, the seat of William Drury Lowe^ Esq., is one of tlie most charmingly
situated mansions in the Midland Counties. It stands in a well wooded deer park
about five miles from Derby, and has a magnificent sheet of water at a picturesque
distance in front, the drive from the lodge to the mansion passing along its margin,
and presenting many points of beauty to the eye of the visitor.
The front of the house, which faces the lake, consists of a central body with
portico, and two wings, one of which is the private chapel, and the other the
drawing-room. Formerly this front was the principal entrance to the house. The
present owner, however, a few years ago, added a new and advanced portico, with
entrance-hall, picture-gallery, and dining-room at the east end. The whole of these
additions, with a well proportioned tower, are designed in the Italian style, the
dining-room facade forming a striking and pleasing front.
The interior of the mansion presents many features of interest. The principal
apartments are the picture-gallery, the dining and drawing rooms, the boudoir, the
hall, and the chapel, and these are all fitted and furnished with exquisite taste, and
hung with a priceless collection of rare old paintings. The two first of these
apartments are decorated in the Italian style, and have coved ceilings.
The collection of paintings, which has been collected together with great judgment
and at a lavish outlay, during his several years' residence abroad by the present
owner, is said to be one of the most extensive and important, both in point of rarity
and value of the diSerent examples, among private collections in the kingdom.
The private chapel, which forms one of the wings of the mansion, was, as appears
from an inscription beneath one of its windows, consecrated August 31st., 1673. It
is entered both from the house and from the grounds, and is spacious and well
arranged. In the interior, besides an elegant stained-glass window, are the Royal
Arms, with the date 1669, and the arms of Gilbert and Lowe; and the ceiling, which
is divided into panels, is decorated with crowns, roses, and other devices. On the
exterior is the inscription, running round three sides: "1670 — domvs mba vocabitvr
DOMVS ORATiONiS;" and on the corresponding wing, the drawing-room, is ''dootvs &
PHCEBI CHORVS ET MINEEViE LAVDES."
The mansion of Locko was founded on, or closely adjoining to, the site of the old
" Lazar -house," an hospital or preceptory of the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem —
30 LOCKO PARK.
"Domus de la Madeleijne de Lockhay ordinis fnilitice Sancti Lazari Jerusalem." This
Lazar-housej or hospital^ existed as early as the year 1296. and from it, undoubtedly,
even the name of "Locko^' is derived. The derivation is from the obsolete French
word Loques, signifying '^rags;' and some of these old hospitals or Lazar-houses {Lazar
being derived from Lazarus) were called "^^Le Lokes.'^ Lock thus became synonymous
with Lazar-house, and hence the name of "Lock hospital/' at present in use.
The family of Lowe is of considerable antiquity in the county of Derby. The
first of whom we have any distinct record is
Lawrence Lowe, who, having married for his first wife, the daughter and heiress
of Rossell, of Denby, in the county of Derby, inherited that estate and settled there.
He was a man of great learning, and held the office of Recorder of Nottingham in
the year 1480. His sons,
Humphrey and Thomas, respectively founded the two important families of Lowe
of Denby, and Lowe of Alderwasley. Members of the family were in different reigns
attached to the court. One of these, who was in holy orders, was Confessor to King
Henry the Seventh; and another, Anthony Lowe, was Gentleman of the Bedchamber
and Standard-bearer to King Henry the Eighth, King Edward the Sixth, and Queen
Mary. From
Humphrey Lowe, of Denby, who was living in 1516, the eldest son of Lawrence
Lowe, the family continued in unbroken succession to
John Lowe, who in 1746 purchased Locko Park from the Gilbert family. He died
without issue in 1771, and was succeeded by his brother,
Richard Lowe, Esq., who died in 1785, also without lawful issue, when the estates
passed to his second cousin,
William Drury, Esq., of London, grandson of Anne Lowe (heiress to the estates),
who had married Alderman William Drury, of Nottingham. This successor to the
Locko Park and estates assumed the additional surname and arms of Lowe by sign
manual in 1790. He married Anne, daughter of William Steer, Esq., of Burton
Latimer, by whom he had issue an only child, Mary Anne Drury-Lowe, his sole
heiress. Mr. Lowe died in 1827, and his widow survived him till 1849, when she died
at Locko in her hundred and fourth year.
Miss Drury-Lowe, the heiress, married, in 1800, Robert Holden Esq., of Darley
Abbey and Nuttall Temple, the representative of the old Derbyshire family of Holden,
by whom, with other issue, she had a son,
William Drury Holden, Esq., who, upon the death of his maternal grandmother,
in 1849, assumed by sign manual the names and arms of Drury-Lowe. Mr. William
Drury-Lowe, who was born in 1802, married, in 1827, the Honourable Caroline
Esther Curzon, daughter of Nathaniel, second Baron Scarsdale, by whom he had
issue.
ELTON HALL,
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. EARL OF CARYSFORT.
Elton Hall was formerly the seat of the famous and ancient family of the
SapcoteS;, and was afterwards conferred by grant from Queen Elizabeth to the City
of London, and purchased shortly after by the Proby family.
Sir Thomas Proby removed here from Ruans, in Buckinghamshire, in 1663, and
re-built the house, which was then in a ruinous state. Since that period Elton
Hall has continued to be the principal seat of the Proby family, who have from
time to time made various additions and alterations.
The most ancient and interesting portions o£ the house are the Old Norman
Tower, now forming part of the Library, and the Old Chapel, which is the present
Drawing-room.
This Chapel is thus mentioned in Camden's "Britannia,^' vol. i., col. 507: — ''Here
was a private but very beautiful chapel, with curious painted window, built (about
1490) by the Lady Elizabeth Dinham, widow of the Baron Fitzwarren, who married
into the Sapcote family, but it hath been ruinous these many years, and the place
is now the seat of the Probys, who have built here an elegant house."
The exterior of the old tower bears the arms of the Sapcotes — three dove-cotes,
also the crest — a goat's or ram's head, rudely cut in stone. The tower is square
and embattled, the stonework under the battlements hanging over in a particular
manner. In the gate to the south is to be seen the place for a portcullis, and in
the doorway are small stone arches, crossing at the roof. The same sort of arches
may be seen in the rooms under the Chapel.
There are no traces to be found of the famous stained glass which formerly
existed in the Chapel.
The house is situated in the two counties of Huntingdon and Northampton, and
until recent alterations were made, a cross on the old kitchen chimney marked the
boundary of the two counties.
The park, which borders the river Nene, is very picturesque, and contains some
fine old oaks, one of which is supposed to date from the Conquest.
Fotheringay Church, where Mary Queen of Scots was beheaded, forms an interesting
object from several parts of the grounds.
The principal pictures at Elton Hall are: — The Earl of Pembroke, by Vandyke;
Pope and Miss Blount, by Jarvis; Kitty Fishei", by Sir Joshua Reynolds; the
32 ELTON HALL.
Laughing Girl^ by Sir Joshua Reynolds; Elizabeth, first wife of the first Earl of
Carysfortv, by Sir Joshua Reynolds; Elizabeth, second wife of the first Earl of
Carysfort, by Sir Joshua Reynolds; first Earl of Carysfort and his sister, by Sir
Joshua Reynolds; first Earl of Carysfort, by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
The family of Lord Carysfort derives from
Sir Petee Proby, of Brampton, Lord Mayor of London in 1622, father of
SiK Heneagb Pkoby, Knight, M.P., whose son,
Thomas Pkoby, Esq,, was created a Baronet, March 7th., 1662, but dying without
male issue, was followed by his brother,
John Proby, Esq., at whose decease in 1710, the estates passed to his next heir,
John Proby, Esq., M.P. for Huntingdonshire. His eldest son.
The Right Honourable Sir John Proby, K.B., also M.P. for the County of
Huntingdon, was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Carysfort, of Carysfort,
in the County of Wicklow. He was succeeded by his son,
John Joshua Proby, second Baron, who was created Earl of Carysfort, in the
Peerage of Ireland, and raised to the English Peerage as Baron Carysfort of
Norman Cross, in the County of Huntingdon. He died in 1828, and was followed
by his son,
John Proby, second Earl Carysfort, a General in the army, born in 1780, who
died unmarried in 1855, and was succeeded by his brother,
Granville Leveson Proby, third Earl Carysfort, an Admiral R.N., engaged at the
battles of the Nile and Trafalgar. He was born in 1781, and died November 3rd.,
1868, his eldest surviving son being
Sir Granville Leveson Proby, fourth Earl of Carysfort, K.P., born September
14th., 1825, some time M.P. for the County of Wicklow, a Captain in the 74th.
Highlanders, Controller of the Household, married, July 19th., 1853, Lady Augusta
Maria Hare, daughter of William, third Earl of Listowl.
Wf
i
EASTNOR CASTLE,
NEAR EASTNORj HEREFORDSHIRE. EARL SOMERS.
Eastnor Castle was built by Johnj first Earl Somers, and completed in 1815. The
designs were given by Sir Robert Smirke^ in the style of the twelfth century.
The castle stands on a rising ground, a little above the site of the old family
mansion of Castledich in Eastnor, (in "Domesday/^ Esnore,) a moated building of
extreme antiquity, and which was besieged on more than one occasion during the
civil wars of Charles the First.
The entrance hall, sixty feet in height, is a noble apartment of Norman archi-
tecture, ornamented with Italian and other marbles, and containing some remarkable
suits of armour of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
The libraries contain a fine collection of books, and are adorned with a suite of
Gobelin Tapestries, from the designs of Lucas Van Leyden at the Palace of
Fontainbleau.
Among the works of art Is a collection of interesting pictures of the early Italian
masters: Saint Catherine, by Giotto; Simono Memmi, and other masters of the
fifteenth century. A fine portrait of Charles the First, by Mytens; a Knight in
Armour, by Paris Bordone; and Saint Thomas receiving the Girdle, by Francesco
Granacci. On the principal staircase are some fine modern pictures by Watts; "Time
and Oblivion," and a portrait of Alfred Tennyson, the Poet Laureate; also portraits
of Richard Cocks; Thomas C. Cocks, a devoted royalist; Charles C. Cocks, Ambassador
to the Czar in the time of James the First, and his wife, in the ancient Muscovite
costume; the Lord Chancellor Somers, by Kneller; William the Third in his youth,
a gift of the King; and Charles, Lord Somers, who died in 1806, by Romney.
In the grounds of the castle are fine specimens of coniferge, cedars, pines, and
rare plants from Japan and California, well acclimatized.
The park is remarkable for the extreme beauty of the views of the Malvern
Hills, the Herefordshire Beacon, the Gloucestershire Beacon, etc.
This family is stated to have been seated in the county of Kent in the reign
of Edward the First, and to have removed into Gloucestershire in that of Henry
the Eighth.
Subsequently, the descents have been as follow: —
Thomas Cocks, Esq., of Bishops Cleave, Gloucestershire.
34 EASTNOR CASTLE.
Richard Cocks, Esq., of Castleditcli, Herefordshire.
Thomas Cocks, Esq., of Castleditcli.
Charles Cocks, Esq., of Castleditcli, M.P. for the City of Worcester in 1692, and
for the Borough of Droitwich in seven Parliaments. He married Mary, sister and
eventually sole heiress of Lord Somers, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, who
died in 1716; and was father of
James Cocks, Esq., of Brockmans, Hertfordshire, M.P. for Reigate. His son,
James Cocks, Esq., was slain at St. Cas, on the French coast, in 1758, and having
been unmarried, the estates reverted to his uncle,
John Cocks, Esq., of Castleditch, (acquired by marriage with his cousin, Mary,
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Cocks). He had twelve children, of whom the eldest
son,
Charles Cocks, Esq., of Castleditch, M.P. for Reigate, born June 29th., 1725, was
created a Baronet, September 19th., 1772, and elevated to the Peerage May 17th,,
1784, as Lord Somers of Evesham, in the County of Worcester. He was succeeded
by his son,
John Somers Cocks, second Baron Somers, who was created Viscount Eastnor and
Earl Somers, July 17th., 1821. He was Lord Lieutenant of Herefordshire, Recorder
of Gloucester, and High Steward of Hereford. His son,
John Somers Cocks, Esq., second Earl Somers, was Lord Lieutenant of Here-
fordshire, and Colonel of the Herefordshire Mihtia. He died March 8th., 1838, and
was succeeded by his son,
Charles Somers Cocks, third Earl Somers. He married, October 2nd., 1850,
Virginia, daughter of James Pattle, Esq., of the Indian Civil Service.
m
GALLOWAY HOUSE,
NEAR WIGTOWN, WIGTOWNSHIRE. EARL OP GALLOWAY.
Galloway House is beautifully situated. On the east side, within three hundred
yards of the terrace, is Wigtown Bay, with the Stewartry of Kirkcudbrightshire
and its hilly coast on the opposite side, at a distance of ten miles, ending in the
point where stands the Ross Lighthouse.
On the south side, at the same distance, (namely, three hundred yards,) is a
small creek within the pleasure grounds, termed Cruggleton, or Rigg Bay, to which
there is a broad gravel walk, running direct from the terrace, and parallel with this
walk, overlooked by the windows on the south side of the house, is a sunk Italian
flower-garden.
The main approach to the mansion house is from the west, the front door steps
being in the centre of the body of the house, the wings standing out on either
side.
On the north side, at a distance of two hundred yards, are the stables, and four
hundred yards beyond, one of the Park Gates, termed the Harbour Lodge, opens
upon the village and sea-port of Garliestown.
It would be more correct to say of this ancient and long ennobled famil}^, that
the Royal line of Scotland was of it, than that, as has been said, it is of the Royal
blood of that kingdom.
Alexander, sixth Lord High Steward (in 1263) of Scotland — whence the family
name of Stewart — died in 1283, leaving issue
James, seventh Lord High Steward,
James, (grandfather of the first Stuart king, Robert II.,) and a younger son.
Sir John Stewart, the line of succession after whom was as follows: —
Sir Walter Stewart.
Sir John Stewart.
Sir Walter Stewart.
Marion Stewart, who married, October 17th,, 1396, Sir John Stewart, from
whom came
Sir William Stewart.
Sir William Stewart.
IV. w
36 GALLOWAY HOUSE.
Sir Alexander Stewart.
Alexander Stewart.
Sir Alexander Stewart.
Sir Alexander Stewart.
Sir Alexander Stewart.
Sir Alexander Stewart, a devoted adherent of King Charles the First, elevated
to the peerage July 19th., 1607, as Baron of Garlies, and advanced to the Earldom
OP Galloway, September 9th., 1623.
Sir James Stewart, second Earl of Galloway, and a Baronet, (so created in 1627.)
Sir Alexander Stewart, third Earl.
Sir Alexander Stewart, fourth Earl.
Sir James Stewart, fifth Earl.
Sir Alexander Stewart, sixth Earl.
Sir John Stewart, seventh Earl.
Sir George Stewart, eighth Earl.
Sir Eandolph Stewart, ninth Earl, born September 16th., 1800, married August
9th., 1833, Lady Harriet Blanche Somerset, seventh daughter of Henry Charles
Somerset, sixth Duke of Beaufort, and had, with other children,
Alan Plantagenet Stewart, Lord Garlies, vita patris.
DEENE PARK,
NEAR KOCKINGHAM, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. COUNTESS OP CARDIGAN.
Deene Park, the beautiful seat of the Countess of Cardigan and de Lancastre, was
formerly a Priory, belonging to the Abbey of Westminster at the time of the
Conqueror's Survey. The Abbot of Westminster was Lord of the Manor, and
occasionally resorted thither for his pleasure.
In the reign of Henry the Second the lands were in the possession of Ralph
Fitz-Nigel, who held them of the See of Westminster.
In the sixteenth year of King John, (1214), Ivo de Deene levied a fine on this
manor, to be held of the Abbot of Westminster, by certain services and an annual
payment of £18; and in the ninth year of King Edward the Second, (1315), Henry
de Deene was lord of the manor. From this family it passed to the Tyndales; it
subsequently came into the possession of the Littons, from whom it went, in the
sixth year of Henry the Eighth, (1514), to the Brudenells.
We read that Edmund Brudenell, by will dated 21st. June, 1425, gave to St.
John's Hospital in Aynhoe, his missal and a chalice for celebrating a requiem mass
on the anniversary of his death.
In the twentieth of Henry the Seventh, Robert Brudenell, who was bred to the
law, was made a King's Sergeant; in the first of Henry the Eighth (1509) he was
appointed a Justice of the Common Pleas, and in the twentieth of the same reign
Chief Justice of that Court. He was succeeded by
Sir Thomas Brudenell, Knight, his eldest son, who in 1543 was Sheriff of the
County. On the 29th. of June, 1611, Thomas Brudenell was raised by King James
the First to the degree of Baronet, then instituted, and on the 26th. of April in
the third of Charles the First (1627) he was elevated to the dignity of a Baron of
the realm, by the title of Lord Brudenell of Stanton Wyville, in Leicestershire.
He was a zealous supporter of the royal cause during the civil wars, and sufi"ered a
long imprisonment in the Tower, and on the restoration of Charles the Second, by
letters patent, dated the 20th. of April in the thirteenth of that reign, he was
created Earl of Cardigan. *"
James Thomas Brudenell, the seventh Earl of Cardigan, was born in 1797, and
married in 1826 the eldest daughter of Admiral Tollemache. He succeeded his
father in 1837, was Lieutenant- Colonel of the 11th. Hussars, became a Colonel in
the army in 1846, represented Marlborough in Parliament from 1818 to 1830, Fowey
S8 DEENE PARK.
1830-1831, and the Northern Division of Northampton from 1831 to 1837. He died
the 27th. of March, 1868, in consequence of a fall from his horse.
The Right Honourable Adeline Louisa Maria, Countess of Cardigan and de Lan-
castre, only daughter of Spencer Horsey de Horsey, Esq., as second wife of the late
Earl, became possessed of this manor. Her ladyship married, August 28th., 1873,
the Count de Lancastre Saldahna.
The mansion at Deene is a handsome irregular stone structure with embattled
turrets. The hall has a timbered panelled roof, and the windows contain the coats
of arms of the noble families of Brudenell, Montagu, and Bruce, with their alliances,
etc. The library contains a collection of manuscripts relating to this county by
Thomas, first Earl of Cardigan, and in the principal rooms are some excellent family
portraits.
The scenery of the magnificent park is very diversified; the pleasure grounds and
lakes are extensive, and laid out with great taste; and the majestic elms and stately
oak trees cannot be surpassed. The park is well stocked with herds of red and
fallow deer.
ADARE MANOR,
NEAR ADARE, COUNTY LIMERICK, IRELAND. EARL OF DUNRAVEN.
Adare Manor, which has been for ages the residence of the ancient family of O^Quin
of Inchiquin, is situated near the picturesque village from whence it takes its name,
and has long been celebrated for the various ruins in its close proximity.
The beauty of the demesne is greatly enhanced by the river Maigue, which flows
through it from south to north, the ruins on its banks forming picturesque scenes,
while extensive vistas through aged trees and shaded walks give a peculiar interest
to the whole place. The estate of Adare was long remarkable for the number and
magnificence of its elms, but in November, 1814, the whole avenue in front of the
then existing mansion was blown down. The memorable storm of January 6th., 1839,
uprooted nearly seven hundred trees; that in January, 1842, between six and seven
hundred more, sadly mutilating the noble avenues, and destroying the finest specimens
of single trees.
The ruins at Adare consist of a Castle, a Trinitarian Friary, an Augustinian Friary,
a Franciscan or Grey Friary, which last is situated within the demesne, and two small
churches in the parish churchyard.
In the year 1807 the church of the Augustinian Abbey was given to the Protestants
as their parish church, the old one being out of repair, and too small; and in 1814
the refectory was roofed and converted into a school-house. The family mausoleum
was erected in another part of the ruins. Over the entrance is the following text: —
''My son, remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth.^^ On the west front
are the family arms, and underneath, — "This Mausoleum was constructed in the year
of our Lord 1826, by William Henry, Earl of Dunraven, for the remains of his dear
father, Richard, first Earl of Dunraven, and for the family of Quin of Adare."
The present edifice was begun in 1832. Some of the walls of the old house still
remain, but are so amalgamated with the new, that they could only be recognised
by one who had watched the progress of the alterations. The building was still
unfinished at Lord Dunraven's death, and in 1850, Mr. P. C. Hardwick was consulted,
and with much talent and judgment completed the south and west fronts, after his
own designs, though following the general plan intended by the late Earl. The new
liouse is built of large blocks of hammer-dressed limestone of diSerent colours, grey
predominating, but relieved by occasional blocks of red and brown, all found in
quarries in this county. The style of the building is Tudor, and the details are
40 ADAEE MANOR.
carefully taken from tlie best examples of the period in England and the Continent.
The works, both stone and timber, were entirely executed by the mechanics and
labourers of the village and neighbourhood, and proved an inestimable blessing during
the years o£ famine, at which time provisions were given out to them at the ordinary
prices.
The Great Hall is a noble apartment, fifty-three feet in length, thirty-seven feet
wide, and thirty feet in height. It contains a very fine organ, of great compass,
having forty-four stops and two thousand three hundred and fifty-three pipes. The
hall is lighted by eight windows, of difierent sizes, placed high up in the wall, some
of them containing coloured glass. The walls are decorated with armour, and with
horns of the old Irish deer, several of which are of remarkable size, the pair over
the fireplace measuring eleven feet four inches across from tip to tip, and another
pair ten feet four inches.
The Picture Gallery is a magnificent room, in length one hundred and thirty-two
feet six inches, width twenty-one feet, and height twenty-six feet six inches. It has
five very large bay windows, partly filled with stained glass, illustrating the pedigree
of the ancient and noble family of Wyndham. The walls are hung with a large
collection of family portraits, to which is added a choice selection of paintings both
by ancient and modern masters. Busts, on pedestals, occupy positions round the
room. The furniture is covered with tapestry worked by the village and school-girls,
who, during a time of great distress, were trained to execute a variety of useful and
ornamental fabrics.
Other apartments are correspondingly of large size, and fitted up with great taste
and elegance.
At the head of the principal staircase, on the second floor, is a wide corridor,
occupied as a museum, and containing a collection of objects of interest, comprising
antiquities, geological specimens, and miscellaneous curiosities of various kinds. In the
centre is placed a magnificent and perfect skeleton of the great extinct Irish deer,
recently dug up in the vicinity of Limerick.
On the south side of the house is a large geometrical garden, enclosing a bowling
green and croquet ground, bounded on the east by handsome stone terrace walls,
surmounted with vases, and with a broad flight of steps leading down to the river,
from whence a gravel walk, under a row of majestic elms, extends along the banks
of the stream to a picturesque bridge in the vicinity of the Abbey.
This is one of the few families of Celtic origin in the Peerage of Ireland.
Its immediate ancestor was
James Quin, of Kilmallock, brother of the Right Rev. John Coyn, or Quin, D.D.,
Bishop of Limerick in the reign of Henry the Eighth, but who resigned the see on
account of his blindness and infirmity.
APPLEBY CASTLE,
NEAR APPLEBY, WESTMORELAND. TUPTON, BARONET.
This edifice is generally believed to have been founded previous to the Norman
Conquest, but was in all probability rebuilt shortly subsequent to that period, and
again progressively re-edified by successive noble proprietors.
Of the buildings now in existence the most ancient is a structure of extensive
proportions that appears to be of Norman origin, although, like many similar
erections, it is called Csesar^s Tower. At one time there was a brass plate upon a
wall in the vault, bearing the following inscription: — "This Cesar's Tower began to
bee repaired and this middle wall to bee built from the foundation in 1651 by Ann,
Baroness Clifibrd, Westmorland, and Vesey, Lady of Honour of Skipton in Craven,
and Countess Dowager of Pembroke, Dorsett and Montgomery, after it had laid
ruinous and uncovered from the year 1559 until now."
The principal part of the present structure was built by Thomas, Earl of Thanet,
in the year 1686, from the ruins of the old castle. It is of a square form, and
contains several apartments of noble dimensions, which are enriched by a large
collection of curious and valuable family portraits. The magnificent suit of armour
worn by George CHfibrd in the tilt-yard, when he acted as champion to his royal
mistress. Queen Elizabeth, is likewise preserved here; it is ornamented with fleur-
de-lis, and is very richly gilt; his horse armour, used on the same occasion, is equally
superb, and lies near it.
This castle was for a considerable period the residence of the Clifibrd family; and
was fortified for the king in 1641, by Lady Anne Clifibrd, who gave the government
of it to her neighbour. Sir Philip Musgrave, and he held it out till after the battle
of Marston Moor, when he was obliged, contrary to his inclination, to surrender it
to the parliamentarians.
The following is a brief record of Appleby, and of the families into whose pos-
session it has at various times fallen: — "Three times had this castle and estate been
carried as a marriage portion by heiresses, before it came into the possession of
Simon de Morville, and when his grandson, Hugh de Morville, thinking to do his
sovereign a service, kept the door, while his companions slew Thomas a Becket in
his Cathedral at Canterbury, it was forfeited to the Crown, and in the Crown it
remained until the time of King John. It was during this period that the borough
of Appleby received its charter, and secured possession of its high privileges as a
42 APPLEBY CASTLE.
royal burgh. The burgesses were subject to no lord, but held in capite directly from
the Crown, and, as a consequence, the mayor of this ancient town is a person of no
small consequence within the boundaries of his own borough, and is entitled to take
precedence even of Her Majesty's judges. From an old document copied into the
margin of Gibson's translation of Camden in the library at Lowther, it appears that
Appleby was a county of itself in the fourth year of King John ; that is, at the
time the first grant was made to the Veteriponts. And it is worthy of remark, that
long after the second grant Appleby Castle was dealt with as one of the king's
fortresses, or a royal fort, and the owner addressed as Constable of the King's
Castle, at Appleby. Even so late as Edward the First, when the Pope claimed the
kingdom of Scotland as a fief, and the Barons of England wrote a letter denying
the claim, and afiixed their names, Robert de Clifford, whose name occurs in the
list, is styled Chatelain of Appleby, while all the rest are called Barons.
From the Veteriponts the estate passed to the Cliffords, through Isabella, daughter
and coheiress of Robert de Veteripont. She and her sister Idonea, one aged ten
and the other six or seven years, were committed by the king, who had them in
ward, to the custody of Roger de Clifibrd and Roger de Leyburne, and these two
knights thought they could not better consult the interests of the coheiresses than
by marrying them to their sons Roger de Clifford and Roger de Leyburne, and thus
dividing the inheritance between them. The estate continued in the Clifford family
until the thirteenth generation, when the daughter of Anne, Countess of Pembroke,
carried it to the Tuftons; John, second Earl of Tlianet, having married Margaret,
daughter of Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, by his wife the Lady Ann Clifibrd."
The very ancient family of Tufton, Earls of Thanet, became extinct as to the
ennobled branch in the person of Henry Tufton, the eleventh Baron, Lord Lieutenant
of Kent, and hereditary Sheriff of Westmoreland, when the representation of the
family and the estates, (Skipton Castle, Yorkshire, Appleby Castle, in Westmoreland,
and Hothfield Place, Ivent,) came by will to
Sir Richard Tufton, Baronet, so created in 1851, who was succeeded by
Sir Henry Jaques Tufton, second Baronet, married December 17th., 1872, to
Alice Harriet Argyll, second daughter of the Rev. William Stracey, of Buxton, in
the county of Norfolk, and had a son,
John Sackville Richard Tufton, born November 8th., 1873.
KELHAM HALL,
NEAR NBWARK-ON-TRENT, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. MANNERS-SUTTON.
When the old Hall at Kelham was destroyed by fire in 1857, Mr. Manners -
Sutton was in Italy.
On his journey homewards he gave much consideration to the many questions
which suggested themselves as to its re-erection, and having consulted Sir G.
Gilbert Scott, R.A., to whom the task was confided of designing and carrying out
the new work, the following conclusions were arrived at: —
That the house should be of mediseval architecture, not adopting precisely any of
its many varieties as existing among ancient remains, but treating it freely with the
aid of several of such varieties, and especially it was thought that as Italy is the
birthplace almost of modern domestic architecture, many useful hints and suggestions
might be obtained from its productions, without involving the substitution of its
details for those of more northern countries.
These considerations determined in a great degree the character and architectural
treatment of the building, which may be said to be that suggested by works of
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, viewed on a broad basis, and freely admitting
all which can be usefully learned from the architecture, whether of England, France,
or Italy, though adopting no details peculiarly Italian.
As to arrangement and construction, it was determined on three points.
The building was to be approached through a cloistered court, capable of admitting
several carriages at once, and whose central span was to be closed in by a glazed
roof.
The entrance hall was to be of limited dimensions; but instead of a large
entrance hall, a music hall of large size, and of the height of two storeys of the
building, was to be formed in the centre of the house, and away from the entrance.
All the rooms on the ground floor, inclading the great hall, were to have groined
vaulting over them in fireproof material, which was also used in the construction of
the upper floors.
The family of Manners deduces its descent from
Sir Robert de Manners, Knight, who in the seventeenth year of the reign of King
IV. G
44 KELHAM HALL.
Edward the Second was returned into Chancery as one of the principal persons in
the county of Northumberland.
It has since then been ennobled in the line of the Duke of Rutland, creation
dated of Marquis and Duke, June 18th., 1525; also in that of Lord Manners,
creation dated April 20th., 1807; and Viscount Canterbury, creation dated March
10th., 1835.
CASTLE COOLE,
COUNTY FERMANAGH, IRELAND. EARL OF BELMORB.
This mansion is situated in the midst o£ the beautiful demesne of the same
name. It commands an extensive woodland view to the south-west, with a fine
mountain background, while the back, or more correctly the north-west front, looks
down upon a picturesque lake (Lough Coole) of some forty acres of water. A flock
of grey-lag wild-geese, which settled here, it is said, several generations ago, have
become domesticated on the lake, never straying far from its shores. There are
four small wooded islands near the borders of the lough, which are possibly ancient
Irish cranages. The demesne contains two other lakes: one. Lough Yoan, of con-
siderable size; the other, Breandrum Lake, much smaller.
The timber at Castle Coole is a noticeable feature in the landscape. There is
a row of beech trees, some of which are about one hundred and twenty-five feet
in height, supposed to have been planted early in the last century; and another,
not so high, but containing some magnificent specimens, planted probably about 1750.
The present mansion-house was erected towards the close of the last century, by
the first Lord Belmore, from the plans of the celebrated James Wyatt, at a cost of
towards £60,000. It is faced with Portland stone. It contains five handsome
Reception Rooms. The Billiard Room to the right, and the Library to the left of
the front Hall are thirty-six or thirty-seven feet long, by twenty-four feet wide, and
eighteen feet high. The Drawing-room corresponds with the Library, and the
Dining-room with the Billiard Room, on the back or north-west side of the house,
and are divided by a very handsome oval Saloon. The Library and Drawing-room
are divided by the inner Hall, containing a stone staircase with two branches. Above
the Saloon is a large bow-windowed sitting-room, commanding an extensive and
beautiful view, including Lough Coole; this room is divided from the state bedroom
to the front by a lobby, lighted by skylights, and surrounded by a gallery from
which open the bedrooms, etc., on the second storey.
The mouldings of some of the cornices and ceilings at Castle Coole are very
elaborate, and were executed by Mr. Joseph Rose, of London, it is believed from
the designs of Mr. Wyatt.
In the front Hall are two fine scagliola pillars, and two pilasters, by Mr. Bartoli.
There are some more in the inner Hall.
The estate of Castle Coole came into the family of Lord Belmore by marriage.
46 CASTLE COOLE.
The residence of the Lowry family was previously at Ahenis^ near Caledon, County
Tyrone.
The original ''patentee/' or grantee, of the manor of Coole was Captain Roger
Atkinson, tem.p. James I. This gentleman, who was for a time M.P. for Fermanagh,
sold the property circa 1641. In 1655 it was resold to John Corry, of Belfast, who
dying between, it is supposed, 1680 and 1689, was succeeded by his son, James
Corry, subsequently M.P, for Fermanagh and Colonel of the Militia.
The original house having been burnt by order of the Governor of Enniskillen in
1689, to prevent its being occupied by the Duke of Berwick's army, a new house
was erected about 1709, not far from the present mansion, the broad oak avenue leading
up to which now forms an important feature of one of the approaches to the
present house. This house was accidentally burnt about the time the present one
was completed.
Colonel Corry dying at an advanced age in 1718, was succeeded by his son.
Colonel John Corry, some time M.P. for Enniskillen, and subsequently for Ferma-
nagh. This gentleman dying in 1726, aged sixty, was succeeded by his son,
Leslie Corry, then a minor, who died in 1741, and bequeathed this portion of his
property to
Margetson Armar, his cousin, and the husband of his third sister, Mary. Colonel
Armar dying in 1773, left the estate to his wife for her life, and after her death
to her second sister, Sarah. Mrs. Armar dying the following year, was succeeded
by her sister, Sarah Lowry Corry, widow of Galbraith Lowry, M.P. for Tyrone, who
had assumed the name of Corry on succeeding, some years previously, to another
portion of the Corry estates in the county of Longford. Mrs. Lowry Corry died
in 1779, and was succeeded at Castle Coole by her son,
Armar Lowry Corry, M.P. for Tyrone, created, 1781, Baron Belmore, and advanced
to the dignity of a Viscount in 1789, and of an Earl in 1797. Lord Belmore died
in 1802, and was succeeded by his son,
Somerset, second Earl, previously M.P. for Tyrone, and subsequently Governor of
Jamaica and a representative Peer. He died in 1841, and was succeeded by his son,
Armar, third Earl, some time M.P. for Fermanagh, who, dying in 1845, was
succeeded by his son,
Somerset Richard, present and fourth Earl, late Governor of New South Wales.
KIRTLING TOWER,
NEAR NEWMARKET, CAMBRIDGESHIRE. BARONESS NORTH.
KiRTLiNG Tower was built about the time of Henry the Sixth. It stood on the
site of an old Saxon castle, and tradition says that it was the last castle in which
King Harold slept on his way from the north to meet the invasion of William of
Normandy.
Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen, was a state prisoner at Kirtling, under the
charge of Edward, first Lord North.
The Tower is all that now remains of the old hall, which was pulled down in
1801-2, by George, third Earl of Guilford and ninth Baron North.
Nearly all the pictures of the North family were then removed to Wroxton Abbey,
near Banbury, another seat of the family.
A brief sketch of the descent of this family is all that my limited space allows
me to give.
Edward North, born about the year 1496, was brought up to the profession of
the law, and in the 22nd. of Henry the Eighth became one of the king's Sergeants-
at-Law. He was afterwards knighted, and became M.P. for Cambridgeshire. He was
sworn of the Privy Council under Edward the Sixth, and was re-elected for the
county. At the decease of that monarch he appears to have espoused the cause of
Lady Jane Grey, but made his peace with Queen Mary, was again sworn of the
Privy Council, and in the first year of her reign was summoned to Parliament as
Baron North of Kirtling. Next to him was
Sir Eoger North, Knight-banneret, second Baron, whose son,
Dudley North, third Baron, was grandfather of
Dudley North, K.B., fourth Baron. His eldest son was
Charles North, fifth Baron North, created Lord Grey, of Rolleston, in the county
of Stafford, 25th. Charles the Second. His son,
William North, sixth Baron North and second Lord Grey, was a military officer,
wounded at the battle of Blenheim. He died without issue, when the Barony of
Grey ceased, but that of North devolved on his cousin,
Francis North, third Baron Guilford, (son of Francis North, second Baron, and
48 KIETLING TOWER.
grandson of Francis North, first Baron, son of tiie fourth Lord North,) created Eakl
OP GuiLPOED, April 8th., 1752. His elder son,
Frederick North, K.G., second Earl of Guilford and eighth Baron North, was
succeeded by his eldest son,
George Augustus North, who married, first, September 30th., 1785, the Honourable
Maria Frances Mary Hobart, daughter of George, third Earl of Buckinghamshire,
and by her had one daughter, Maria North, married to John, second Marquis of
Bute, who died in September, 1841. He married, secondly, Susan, daughter of
Thomas Coutts, Esq., the eminent banker, and had two daughters.
Lady Susan North, and
Lady Georgiana North, who died August 25th., 1835.
At his Lordship^s death, April 20th., 1802, the Barony fell into abeyance between
these three ladies, and so continued until the death of the eldest and youngest,
when it rested in the elder daughter of the second marriage, who then became
Baroness North. Her ladyship married, November 18th., 1835, Colonel John
Sydney Doyle, who assumed the name of North in 1838, and was elected M.P. for
Oxfordshire in 1852, 1857, and 1865. Their son,
William Henry John North, born October 5th., 1836, of Kirtling, in the county
of Cambridge, Captain in the Queen^s Own Oxfordshire Yeomanry Cavalry, married,
January 12th., 1858, Frederica, daughter of Richard Howe Cockerell, Esq., Commander
R.N., and had with other issue,
William Frederick John North, born October 13th., 1860.
HADDO HOUSE,
ABERDEENSHIRE. EARL OP ABERDEEN.
Haddo House is very pleasantly situated in the Formatine district of Aberdeenshire.
The policies and deer park are a triumph of landscape gardening. The grounds,
though undulating, are without much natural beauty; but by the good taste of the
fourth Earl of Aberdeen, the well-known Prime Minister, they were skilfully adorned
with vast plantations, intersected with drives extending over sixty miles, producing
an effect both stately and picturesque — an effect greatly added to by three lakes of
great beauty, the resort of innumerable wildfowl. One of the lakes is highly stocked
with trout from Loch Leven.
It was to the fourth Earl of Aberdeen that the Highland Society's gold medal
was awarded, as the then most extensive planter of trees, upwards of four thousand
acres having been planted by him in the earlier days of his occupation of Haddo
House.
The House was built in 1732, by William, the second Earl. It contains several
celebrated pictures by the old and best Italian Masters, as well as some of Sir
Thomas Lawrence's finest works.
The more ancient name of the seat was House of Kelly, and during the Eebellion
it was the subject of a siege, and was partially burnt down.
The property surrounding it, which has been acquired at different periods since
1440, is very extensive, and includes great part of the valley of the Ythan.
In this valley stands the castle of Gight, the seat of "Lord Byron's maternal
ancestors, now a beautiful ruin, but which was the home of the Prime Minister in
his boyhood. The latter stands on the verge of a steep bank, at the foot of which
the River Ythan winds through a charming and richly wooded valley, well known
in the country as the Braes of Gight, and as the favourite and admired resort of
holiday-makers and visitors to the district of Buchan.
The Gordons have been in possession of Methlic since 1440, in which year
Sir Patrick Gordon, of Methlic, was engaged under his near kinsman, the Earl
of Huntly, in the battle of Arbroath, fought on the part of the king against the
Earl of Crawford. Sir Patrick Gordon lost his life, but his son,
Patrick Gordon, was rewarded for his father's loyalty by a grant of a part of the
barony of Kelly. He also acquired by purchase many other lands still in possession
of the family, who have now been lords of the soil for sixteen generations.
50 HADDO HOUSE.
Ninth in descent from Sir Patrick, was
SiE John Gordon, of Haddo, who took up arms for King Charles the First, and
was appointed second in command to the Marquis of Huntly. He stood a siege in
the House of Kelly, but was eventually taken prisoner, incarcerated at Edinburgh,
in a place still known as Haddo^s Hole, and beheaded in 1644. He was the father
of a younger son.
Sir George Gordon, who, having distinguished himself as an Advocate, and after-
wards succeeded his elder brother in the possession of the property, was created
Earl op Aberdeen, and appointed Lord Chancellor of Scotland by King Charles the
Second. This nobleman is a prominent figure in the history of the time. His son,
Sir William Gordon, second Earl of Aberdeen, added very considerably to the
family property, and was great-grandfather of
Sir George Gordon, fourth Earl of Aberdeen, who entering the public service early
in this century, was engaged as His Majesty's Plenipotentiary during the wars which
terminated with the battle of Waterloo. He occupied different great ofl&ces of state
under the Duke of Wellington and Sir Eobert Peel, and finally became Her Majesty's
Prime Minister in 1852. Being at the same time Knight of the Garter and Knight
of the Thistle, he was the only individual so decorated since the reign of Queen
Anne. He died in 1860, after a possession of fifty-nine years. He was followed by
his eldest son.
Sir Charles John Jambs Gordon, fifth Eai'l, whose eldest son.
Sir George Gordon, sixth Earl, after a singular and romantic career of his own
choice, was accidentally drowned at sea, January 27th., 1870, when he was succeeded
by his only surviving brother.
Sir John Campbell Hamilton Gordon, D.L. for the County of Aberdeen, born
August 3rd., 1847.
BARONS COUET,
COUNTY TYKONE, IRELAND. DUKE OF ABEECOEN.
Baeons Couet^ the seat of the Duke of Abercorn in Ireland, is a very extensive
domain, the grounds belonging to the park and woods extending to between five
and six thousand acres, surrounded by an estate of about eighty thousand acres
in the counties of Tyrone and Donegal.
The house was originally built from designs by Sir William Chambers, in 1742,
but has been much enlarged by succeeding proprietors. It contains several very fine
rooms, the principal of which are, — the Gallery, or Drawing-room, one hundred feet
by twenty-two; the Dining-room, fifty feet by twenty-eight, and twenty -two feet
high; the Hall, thirty-eight feet by twenty-eight, and twenty-two feet high; the
Billiard Room, a circular apartment, thirty feet in diameter and thirty feet high; and
the Staircase, thirty feet by twenty-eight, and thirty feet high.
From the house, extending to one of the lakes, are terraced gardens of great
beauty, in the Italian style, with stone parapets and steps, and decorated with
vases.
In the park are three lakes of great beauty, the largest about two miles in
length.
The evergreens, and especially the rhododendrons, are remarkable for their beauty
and size, many of the woods having their undergrowth almost entirely composed of
them.
The drives and walks in the grounds, which are of great variety and picturesque
beauty, extend to nearly thirty miles.
The estate of which Barons Court forms a part, was granted by King James the
First, to James, Earl of Abercorn, in 1611, at the time of the plantation of Ulster.
The estates held by the Earl under the Plantation Settlement, were bound to
furnish six hundred men, fully armed and equipped, of English or Scotch blood,
as a protection against disturbances by the native Irish.
The Duke of Abercorn, as stated below, is the male heir and lineal representative
of James, Duke of Chatelherault, Regent of Scotland in 1548, and declared by the
Parliament of that country to be the next heir to the Crown of Scotland.
I quote the following from my friend Sir Bernard Burke^s "Peerage and
IV. H
52 BARONS COURT.
Baronetage:" — "Abercorn, Duke of^ (Sir James Hamilton, K.G., P.O., D.C.L., LL.D.,)
Marquis of Hamilton, Viscount Strabane, Lord Hamilton, Baron of Strabane, and
Baron of Mountcastle, in tbe peerage of Ireland; Marquess of Abercorn and Viscount
Hamilton, in tbe peerage of Great Britain; Earl of Abercorn, Baron of Paisley,
Aberbrothick, Abercorn, Hamilton, Mountcastle, and Kilpatrick, in the peerage of
Scotland; a Baronet of Ireland; Duke of Cliatellierault, in France; Heir Male of
the House of Hamilton; Lord Lieutenant-General and General Governor of Ireland;
Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of the County of Donegal, Colonel of the
Donegal Militia, and Major-General of the Royal Archers (the Queen's Body Guard
of Scotland); a Governor of Harrow; late Groom of the Stole to H.R.H. the Prince
Consort; born 21st. Jan., 1811; succeeded his gi-andfather, as second Marquess,
27th. Jan., 1818, and was created Duke of Abercorn and Marquess of Hamilton,
10th. Aug., 1868; married 25th. Oct., 1832, Lady Louisa Jane Russell, second
daughter of John, sixth Duke of Bedford, K.G.
"His Grace was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1866, and was raised to
the Marquessate of Hamilton and Dukedom of Abercorn, 10th. Aug., 1868, in
recognition of his very able administration of the Government of Ireland during a
critical and difficult period. He resigned the Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland in 1868,
and was appointed a second time, March, 1874. He was served Heir Male of the
body of the first Duke of Chatelherault, by the Sheriff of Chancery in Scotland
13th. Jan., 1862, and, as such heir male of the first Duke, asserts his hereditary
right to the original title of Duke of Chatelherault of 1549. By the edict of Louis
XIV., May, 1711, the descent of French dukedoms was declared to be to heirs
'descend us de males en males.'"
WALTON HALL,
NEAB STRATFORD-ON-AVON, WARWICKSHIRE. MORDAUNT^ BARONET.
Walton Hall is situated in a picturesque valley surrounded by extensive woods,
six miles from the town of Stratford-on-Avon.
The house was almost entirely rebuilt dui^ing recent years by Sir Gilbert Scott,
the style of architecture being Gothic; and extensive alterations were made under
the superintendence of the same distinguished architect, including the building a
new bridge, and largely extending the lawns by turning the course of the water in
front of the house, so as to form a lake.
A succinct account of the genealogy and great antiquity of the family of
Mordaunt is given in that rare and curious work, Halstead^s "Genealogies,^^ of which
ten copies only are remaining, one of these, from which the following extracts are
copied, being in the library at Walton Hall.
"In the year 1066, amongst other Heros who joynM their hopes and assistance to
the famous William Duke of Normandy, there was a Noble Knight called Eobert
of St. Giles, in the Latin tongue Robertus de Sancto ^gidio, who brought to his
service Fourscore Knights out of the South of France. Of this Robert of St. Giles
no more is extant of what he was than the assurance that the Sovereign Lords
and Princes of Thoulouse did all at that time use the name and appellation of St.
Giles or de Sancto -^gidio, and that after his labors in the war he was rewarded
by the Conqueror with great Lands and noble Possessions.
"His son, Eustace of St. Giles, did survive his father, and possessed his acqui-
sitions by a Charter, wherein he gave to his brother Osbert, who assumed the name
of Le Mordaunt, the Lordship of Radwell and other lands in the County of Bedford.
Osbert assumed the name of Le Mordaunt, derived from the words Dare Mortem, to
destroy his enemy, he having set out to make his fortune by adventures of Arms,
and for his good services he received many lands and fair possessions in other
counties. From this Osbert all the Mordaunts do derive, as will appear by a con-
tinued series of Ancient Charters and unquestioned Proofs that are extant, and shall
be exposed.
"The eleventh in descent from Osbert was John Mordaunt, who joyn'd Richard
Nevil, Earl of Warwick, in the reign of Edward IVth., and was with him at the
Battle of Barnet, where his Patron was slain and he himself severely wounded. He
afterwards afforded great and successful assistance to Henry Vllth., both at the
M WALTON HALL.
Battles of Bosworth and Stoke Field, for which services he received the honour of
Knighthood, and was made a Privy Councillor and Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster.
"Sir John Mordaunt, Baron of Turvey, was Privy Councillor to King Henry
Vlllth., and was created Lord Mordaunt. From him were descended the Earls of
Peterborough, amongst whom were Harry Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, Privy
Councillor to King James II., afterwards a distinguished General and Lord Lieutenant
of the County of Northampton, and Charles Mordaunt, the famous Earl of Peter-
borough, a great statesman in the time of Charles II."
The family of Mordaunt first lived at Walton in 1572, when Robert Mordaunt,
of Massingham, Norfolk, married Barbara L'Estrange. His grandson, who signalised
himself during the reign of Elizabeth as a military commander in the wars in the
Low Countries and in Ireland, was one of the first Baronets created in 1611, and
became Sir L'Estrange Mordaunt.
In the village church of Turvey, on the western borders of the county of Bedford,
are still remaining many beautiful and well-preserved marble monuments of the sous
and daughters of the family of Mordaunt.
L
OXLEY MANOR,
NEAR WOLVERHAMPTON, STAFFORDSHIRE. STAVELEY-HILL.
OxLEY Manor is situated in the parish of Bushbury, at a distance of two miles
from Wolverhampton, and stands on the table-land in the centre of England, from
which the water flows on the one side to the north-east into the tributaries of the
Trent, and thus finds its way to the German Ocean, and on the other side to the
south-west into the tributaries of the Severn, and with that river falls into the
Bristol Channel. Though so nearly adjoining to the mining district of South
Staffordshire, the position of this land to the west of the great fault is such as to
leave but little indication of the near neighbourhood of the Black Country, although,
undoubtedly, at some, at present unknown, depth beneath these green fields the
coal and iron measures are stored up, to be called upon when required for England^s
use at some future day.
For the annals of Oxley Manor, the old writings describe to us how at the
conquest it fell into the hands of some Norman of whom all remembrance, except
his name, soon passed away, as the older race absorbed the later comers, who
left, however, upon the land the blot of their ignorance, their feudal tenures, and
their blood-stained code of law, now alike happily vanished into the history of
the past. And so from Fitz Ausculpk, in the time of the Conqueror, through
succeeding owners, William de Overton, 20th. Edward the First; William Marnham,
28th. Edward the First; Edmund Low, 12th. Richard the Second; Robert Grey,
third son of Reginald Lord Grey de Ruthyn, 24th. Henry the Second, and Lord
Dudley, 21st. Edward the Fourth, it passed to James Leveson, 25th. Henry the
Eighth.
''Which James Leveson," says Dr. Shaw, "having his residence in Wolverhampton,
being a merchant of the staple, did very much enrich himself, so that upon the
dissolution of the religious houses in the time of Henry the Eighth he became a
great purchaser of those lands; which James had for his wife a daughter of
Wrottesley, of Wrottesley, in this county, by whom he left issue Richard Leveson,
his son and heir. Which Richard Leveson was owner of this Manor, having his
residence at Lilleshule, county of Salop, for the most part."
His grandson. Sir Richard Leveson, was the celebrated Vice-Admiral under Queen
Elizabeth, who was knighted after the taking of Cadiz in 1596, and of whom it is
recorded that "He was from youth, like another Scipio, trained up in the service
56 OXLEY MANOR. -
of his country, and proved the most fortunate sea captain that ever this island
produced/'
The fine large statue of the Vice-Admiral, dug out of the moat of the Old Hall,
their residence, now a Japan manufactory in Wolverhampton, stands in the old
Church in the town, and the lovers of ancient ballad poetry will remember him as
the hero of the ballad in "Percy's Reliques" of "The Spanish Ladye, how she
loved an Englishman."
And so, through one or two hands, Oxley Manor passed to Mr. Huskisson at
the end of the reign of George the Second, and some ten years afterwards his son
William Huskisson was born here, or, as is said, was brought here a few days after
his birth. On Mr. William Huskisson's return from France to England after the
outbreak of the French Revolution, Oxley Manor was sold by him at the time of
raising the Loyalty Loan to Mr. James Hordern, a banker in Wolverhampton,
whose name is most closely associated with the early development of the mining
industry in South Staffordshire. On his death in 1825 it passed to his son, Mr.
Alexander Hordern, a barrister and conveyancer of the Inner Temple, and under his
will to his nephew, Mr. Alexander Staveley-Hill, one of Her Majesty's Counsel, and
Member for the division of the county in which the property is situated.
No trace of the early Manor-house remains, unless it be pei-haps beneath some
ivy-covered brickwork by the garden fish-ponds, which in all probability formed
part of the moat so frequently found as the protection of old houses in this district.
In later days only a square farm-house stood on the property, but in 1854 Mr.
Hordern added to it, under the plans of Mr. Christian as architect, the present
picturesque building, whose steep gables and Tudor windows form the subject of
the plate, on the other side of which the older portion of the house forms the
north-western end.
NETHER HALL,
NEAR THURSTON, SUFFOLK. GREENE.
The family of Drury^ who dated from the reign of William the Conqueror, is the
first whose name occurs in connection with the manor of Thurston. As there was
never more than one manor in this parish, it was equivalent to that which afterwards
became the manor of Nether Hall.
The Drurys had many possessions in Suffolk, but they do not seem to have lived
in any house that can be identified with Nether Hall, though one at least seems to
have lived on the property, and was known as John de Thurston.
The Ashfields, who were originally of Stowlangtoft, appear to have been first
settled at Nether Hall in the reign of King Henry the Seventh, though it is very
possible that the house existed previously. George Ashfield, the first of Nether
Hall, married Margaret, daughter of John Cheke, of Bludshall in Debenham, and
died in the ninth year of Henry the Eighth. A descendant was advanced to the
dignity of Baronet. The Baronetcy, however, became extinct in 1727.
More than a century previous to this last date. Nether Hall passed into the pos-
session of the Bright family, who held it for several generations. Various branches
of the family held property in Suffolk. The first who was of Nether Hall built in
1620, the year in which he acquired this property, the neighbouring house in the
parish of Pakenham, known as New House, at present the property of the Rev. W.
Springlashorne. Another branch of the Brights emigrated to America at the time
of the Pilgrim Fathers, and a descendant has privately published an account of the
Bright family of Nether Hall. After the extinction of that branch the estate passed into
the hands of the Tyrells, Baronets, who had other property in Suffolk, and who
soon sold it to George Chinnery, Esq., from whose widow it passed into the hands
of his nephew, the Rev. W. Bassett.
On the death of William Chinnery Bassett, Esq., son of the above, unmarried, the
estate was sold to J. Hardcastle, Esq., M.P. for Bury St. Edmunds, and by him
resold to Edward Greene, Esq., M.P. for Bury, and present proprietor.
The building of Nether Hall was originally of the date of Henry the Seventh, as
is visible from a sketch on a map made by one of the Brights. By some member
of that family most probably it was metamorphosed into a Queen Anne house, leaving
scarcely any trace to the eye of the former structure, though the walls internally are
probably those of the original building. Great alterations have been made by Mr.
Oreene, all in strict accordance with the Queen Anne design of the house.
p
w9
GUNTON PARK,
NEAR AYLSHAM, NORFOLK. LORD SUPFIELD.
GuNTON Park^ about five miles from the town of Aylsham, and four miles north-
west of North Walsham, is beautifully situated on an eminence surrounded by
extensive plantations, well laid out.
The mansion is in every respect a handsome habitation.
The parish Church is situated not far from the house, and is adorned with an
elegant portico in the Doric style of architecture. This church was rebuilt by Sir
William Morden Harbord, Baronet, who became heir to the estate on the death of
Harbord Harbord, Esq., in the year 1742.
The parochial Church at Thorpe Market, a village within one mile of Ganton
Park, was rebuilt by the late Lord Sufl&eld. '^In it the architect has combined
simplicity with elegance. It is built of fliut and freestone: at each of the four
corners is a turret, and the points of the gables are terminated by a stone cross;
the interior displays a considerable degree of taste, consisting of a single aisle.
The windows are ornamented with painted glass."
The patronymic of this family was originally Morden.
Sir William Morden, K.B., created a Baronet March 22nd., 1745, took the sur-
name of Harbord, being that of his maternal grandfather. In succession to him
were
Sir Harbord Harbord, M.P. for Norwich, advanced to the Peerage August 8th.,
1786, by the title of Baron Supfield, of Sufl&eld, in the county of Norfolk.
Sir William Asshbton Harbord, second Baron.
Sir Edward Harbord, third Baron, who married first, September 19th., 1809, the
Honourable Georgiana Vernon, daughter and heiress of George, second Lord Vernon,
and had, with other issue,
Edward Vernon Harbord, his successor.
He married secondly, September 12th., 1826, Emily Harriot, youngest daughter of
Evelyn Shirley, Esq., of Eatington Park, Warwickshire, and had, besides other
children, a son,
Charles Harbord, who also succeeded to the title.
IV. I
60 GUNTON PARK.
The eldest son by the first marriage,
Sir Edward Yernon Harboed, fourth Baron, born June 19th., 1813, married,
September 1st., 1835, the Honourable Charlotte Susannah, only daughter of Alan
Hyde Gardner, second Lord Gardner, but dying without issue, the title and estates
devolved on his half brother.
Sir Charles Harbord, fifth Lord Suffield, Vice Lieutenant of Norfolk, and Lord
of the Bedchamber to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, born January 2nd., 1830,
married, May 4th., 1854, to Cecilia Annetta, youngest daughter of Henry Baring,
Esq., and had, with several other children, an eldest son.
The Honourable Charles Harbord, Lieutenant in the Scots Fusilier Guards, born
June 14th., 1855.
SHELTON ABBEY,
NBAR ARKLOW, COUNTY WICKLOW, IRELAND. EARL OF WICKLOW.
Shelton Abbey, situated near the town of Arklow, about fifty miles from Dublin,
lies at the foot of the wooded hills, where the Vale of Avoca opens to the sea.
The park and pleasure grounds extend along the banks of the wide and rapid
river which gives its name to the valley. The natural woods, composed principally
of oak and holly, are of great extent, covering a varied surface of hill and dale.
There are also some fine beech trees, among which is a group of great size near
the Abbey, remarkable for the circumstance of their being the first of their species
planted in Ireland.
The Abbey stands on a low rising ground near the river, and is completely
sheltered by wooded hills. It is built in the Gothic style, and is very extensive.
The principal storey contains an entance hall, the ceiling of which is ornamented
with carved oak beams and gilt pendants. This leads into the great hall, the walls
of which are wainscotted with oak, and hung with family portraits; it opens into
a cloister gallery of considerable length, lighted with stained glass tracery windows,
and forming the approach to all the principal rooms, which lie en suite, and are
finished in a style corresponding with the hall and cloisters, from which also rises
the great staircase of carved oak. The mantle-piece in the dining-room is a beautiful
specimen of old oak carving, and over it, inserted in the oak, is a large painting
by Snyders.
The different rooms contain a valuable collection of paintings of the Italian,
French, and Flemish schools.
There is a large and very old library, containing a number of curious manuscripts,
and a large collection of scarce and valuable books, drawings, and engravings.
The old house was completely altered, and the new part added in the beginning
of the present century.
The house and estate of Shelton came into the possession of the Howard family
about the year 1643, when an ancestor of the present possessor sold his property
in England, and bought in Ireland instead. During the reign of James the Second the
property was forfeited to a Mr. Hackett, Mr. Howard and his family having been
obliged to fly the country and return to England. A tradition exists that during
Mr. Hackett's occupancy King James the Second, on his way to Wexford after the
Battle of Boyne, stopped at Shelton to rest for a few hours. King James in his
62 SHELTON ABBEY.
memoirs mentions having partaken of refreshments in the house of a Mr. Hackett
in the county of Wicklow. The event has given its name to an old road in the
park, once the pubHc road, which still goes by the name of King James^ Road.
When peace was restored^ and William the Third proclaimed king, Mr. Howard
and his family returned to Ireland, when their forfeited estates were restored to
them. In 1778 the descendant of Mr. Howard was raised to the peerage as Baron
Clonmore and Viscount Wicklow, and at his death his widow, Alice, Viscountess
Wicklow, was created Countess of Wicklow.
k
EDNASTON LODGE,
NEAR DERBY; DERBYSHIRE. KINGDON.
The Manor of Ednaston was, at an ancient date, given to the priory of Tutbury
by Robert, Earl Ferrers.
In 1542 it was conveyed to Francis Shirley, whose descendant, the father of the
the present Earl Ferrers, resided at Ednaston Lodge.
Mr. Kingdon acquired this estate by purchase in 1872, and afterwards considerably
improved it and added a new wing to the mansion.
The Manor of Ednaston went with the estate.
The family of Kingdon was seated at Trehunsey, in Cornwall, for many generations
before 1400.
Roger Kingdon died at Trehunsey, 1471.
William Kingdon, his son, was elected M.P. for Liskeard, 1452.
Edward Kingdon, son of the above, also represented the same place, 1467.
John Kingdon, of Trehunsey, settled at East Leigh in 1563, from which time the
pedigree remains unbroken. The elder branch still reside at East Leigh,
Mr. Kingdon succeeded his father in the family residence of Stamford Hill,
Cornwall, which place was the scene of a battle in which the Cornish royalists,
under Sir Bevil Grenville, gained a signal victory over the rebel army under the
Earl of Stamford, May 16th., 1643.
An ancestor of Mr. Kingdon's fought here on the royalist side. Several mementos
of this battle are still preserved by the family.
Besides his Derbyshire property, Mr. Kingdon became possessed of Stamford Hill
and estates in the parishes of Ponghill, Stratton, Launcells and Poundstock, in
Cornwall, and others in Devon. The family originally became connected with
Derbyshire through marriage with the Gilberts, of Youlgrave Hall.
■*«*»JI«
PECKFORTON CASTLE,
NEAH TARPORLEY, CHESHIRE. — BARON TOLLEMACHE.
In 1840, the greater portion of Peckforton township, with Beeston Castle and the
township of Beeston (a small part of which already belonged to the Wilbraham
estate) were purchased by Mr. Tollemache from the Mostyn family.
About the year 1844 Peckforton Castle was commenced, and completed in 1850,
A. Salvin, Esq., being the architect.
"This very ancient family of Tollemache claims Saxon descent, and the name is
said to be a corruption of the word "tollmack," tolling of the bell; the Tollemaches
having flourished with the greatest honour, in the county of Suffolk, since the first
arrival of the Saxons in England, a period more than thirteen centuries.
Tollemache, Lord of Bentley in Suffolk, and Stoke Tollemache in the county of
Oxford, lived in the ninth century, and upon the old manor house at Bentley
appeared the following inscription: —
"Before the Normans into England came,
Bentley was my seat, and ToUemaclie was my name."
After him was
Hugh de Tollemache, {tempore King Stephen.) His descendant was
Sir Hugh de Tollemache, living in the reign of King Edward the First. After
him came
John Tollemache.
Sir Lionel Tollemache, living in the reigns of Henry the Sixth and Edward the
Fourth.
Lionel Tollemache, Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1512.
Sir Lionel Tollmache, High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1567. Queen
Elizabeth honoured him with her presence at Helmingham.
Sir Lionel Tollemache.
Sir Lionel Tollemache, created a Baronet on the institution of the order. May
22nd., 1611.
€6 PECKFORTON CASTLE.
Sir Lionel Tollemachb, M.P. for Oxford in the reigns of James the First and
Charles the First.
Sir Lionel Tollemache, who married Lady Elizabeth Murray, eldest daughter and
co-heiress of William Murray, First Earl of Dysart and Lord Huntingtower. At her
husband's decease she became Countess of Dysart, and obtained, from King Charles
the Second, a confirmation of her honours with the right to nominate any of her
children she pleased as her heir. Her eldest son by her first marriage, as above,
(she married, secondly, John, Duke of Lauderdale, K.G.,) was
Sir Lionel Tollemache, Lord Huntingtower, M.P. for Oxford in 1678 and 1685,
who then became second Earl op Dysart. His son was
Lionel Tollemache, Lord Huntingtower, who died in 1712, before his father, who
died in 1727, and was therefore succeeded by his grandson.
Sir Lionel Tollemache, K.T., third Earl of Dysart, who had fifteen children, of
whom the eldest to survive was
Sir Lionel Tollemache, fourth Earl of Dysart, who dying without issue, February
22nd., 1799, was succeeded by his brother.
Sir Wilbraham Tollemache, fifth Earl, Lord High Steward of Ipswich. He died
March 9th., 1821, but having no issue, the title went to his sister, Louisa, Countess
OP Dysart, born in 1745, who then conveyed it, by her previous marriage in 1765,
to John Manners, Esq., of Grantham Grange, in Lincolnshire, whose son took the
name and inherited the title.
Her younger sister,
Jane Tollemache, married, October 23rd., 1771, John Delap Halliday, Esq., of
the Leasowes, in Shropshire, who took the name of Tollemache, and had four
children, of whom the eldest,
John Tollemache, Admiral R.N., married Lady Elizabeth Stratford, daughter of
John, third Earl of Aldborough. The Admiral succeeded under the will of his
grandfather, Lionel, third Earl of Dysart, who left the Cheshire, and ultimately
the Suffolk estates, to the second branch of the family. In 1837 the Admiral was
succeeded by his eldest son,
John Tollemache, Esq., M.P. for South Cheshire, raised to the Peerage as Baron
Tollemache, January 1st., 1876.
TYTTENHANGER PARK,
NEAR ST. ALBAN^S, HERTFORDSHIRE. COUNTESS OF CALEDON.
This house was built by Sir Henry Pope Blount in 1654, in place of a very
ancient one formerly belonging to the Abbots of St. Albans.
At the dissolution of the monasteries the estate was granted by King Henry the
Eighth to Sir Thomas Pope, from whom it descended to Sir Henry Blount, who
took the name of Pope, and from him came through the female line to the Countess
of Caledon.
The house is a handsome building of red brick designed by Inigo Jones.
A curious old chapel and a very fine carved oak staircase, among other things,
remain of the ancient house of the Abbots.
Tyttenhanger was one of the ancient deer parks of England, and was considered
such a healthy spot that Henry the Eighth and his Queen and family took refuge
there during the sweating sickness in the year 1528.
"If again We turn to Hertfordshire, how different are the reminiscences! That
earliest of all British streets, Watling-Street, is to be found here; and within this
now tranquil inland shire, Csesar carried on those warlike operations, which he has
himself so graphically detailed. Berkhamstead in 1066 heard William the Conqueror
swear to maintain the laws of Edward the Confessor, which he afterwards so
shamefully broke; and the venerable abbey of St. Albans tolled the knell of the
followers of Tyler, who expiated their insuiTOction there. At a later peinod Bacon,
'so great in his virtues, so little in his vices,' was entombed in its church of St.
Michael's, when his bribes, and speculations, and profound philosophy were past;
and Holywell House, a late seat of the Spencers, formerly owned an historic
character scarcely less celebrated in the person of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough,
its founder. The Rye House, within its confines, was the scene of that fabulous
plot devised for the destruction of Russell and Sidney. Cassiobury and Hatfield
yield to few mansions in the empire in architectural beauty or historic fame;
Gorhambury still acknowledges the sway of the Grimstons; and Kneb worth, an
interesting Tudor building, has, at the present day, its interest enhanced as the seat
of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton."
IV.
PENSHURST CASTLE,
NEAR PENSHUKST, KENT. — LORD DE l'iSLE AND DUDLEY.
The ancient and noble mansion of Penshurst stands at the south-east corner of a
park beautifully diversified with woods, hills, and lawns, and well planted with large
oak, beech, and chestnut trees.
The architecture of different ages is to be traced in separate parts of the edifice,
additions and alterations having been made from time to time by successive pro-
prietors. A late owner of Penshurst expended a considerable sum upon this venerable
family residence, and directed the work with a good display of taste and judgment.
Over an ancient gateway, which forms the principal entrance, is the following
inscription : —
The most religiovs and renowned
Prince, Edward the Sixt, Kinge of
England, France, and Irelande, gave
this house of Pencester, with the mannors,
landes, and uppyrtonaynces ther
vnto beloninge vnto his trvstye
and welbeloved servant Syr
William Sydney, Knight Banneret.
The hall is a striking object of architectural beauty, and is indeed the principal
feature of the mansion. At its upper end is a staircase leading to the State
Apartments and Gallery; opposite this is the passage to the Chapel.
The gardens are extensive, and laid out with excellent taste.
A curious relic of the ancient splendour of this place is still retained in its
heronry, one of the very few now remaining in this country. It is situated on
some lofty beech trees on a hilly part of the estate.
The south side of the park is watered by the river Medway.
In the reign of Edward the First this manor was possessed by Sir Stephen de
Peneshurste, after whom it successively became the property of the distinguished
families of Columbers, de Pulteney, and Devereux. It was embattled and fortified
under a royal licence granted by King Richard the Second to Sir John Devereux.
Shortly afterwards the manor was sold to John, Duke of Bedford, third son of
King Henry the Fourth, whose brother Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, succeeded
him; but he dying also without issue, Penshurst came into the hands of the crown,
and was granted by letters patent (as recorded in the inscription given above) to
70 PENSHURST CASTLE.
Sir William Sidney, with which illustrious family Penshurst has ever since been
connected.
There is, I think, no name in the whole roll of the British aristocracy held in more
esteem than that of Sydney, from which the present family derives in the female line.
Sir William Sydney, Knight, was Chamberlain to King Henry the Second.
Sir William Sydney, had Penshurst Place granted to him by Edward the Sixth,
and was afterwards Chamberlain and Steward of the Household to Henry the Eighth.
He was one of the commanders at the battle of Flodden Field. His son.
Sir Henry Sydney, had also been honoured with the confidence and friendship of
King Edward the Sixth, and became Lord President of Wales and Lord Deputy of
Ireland under Queen Elizabeth. Dr. Zouch wrote of him, "A more exalted character
than that of Sir Henry Sydney is scarcely to be found in the volume of history. It
deserves to be better known. In him we behold the brave soldier, the consummate
general, the able counsellor, the wise legislator; while in the recesses of private life
he was no less estimable as a husband, a father, and a friend; firmly attached to the
Church of England, and adorning his Christian profession by his temperance and
exemplary piety .'^ He was father of
Sir Philip Sydney, described by Camden as "the great glory of his family, the
great hope of mankind, the most lovely pattern of virtue, and the glory of the
world,^' and also of (his second son)
Sir Robert Sydney, who was created successively by King James the First,
Baron Sydney of Penshurst, Viscount L^Isle, and Earl of Leicester. He was
succeeded by his son.
Sir Robert Sydney, second Earl of Leicester, father of (besides the celebrated
Algernon Sydney, Henry Sydney, created Earl of Romney, and a daughter, Dorothy
Sydney, the Poet Waller^s Sacharissa, who married Henry Spencer, first Earl of
Sunderland,)
Sir Philip Sydney, third Earl, who died in 1697, and was succeeded by his son.
Sir Robert Sydney, fourth Earl, who died in 1702, followed in succession by his
three elder sons.
Sib Philip Sydney, fifth Earl.
Sir John Sydney, sixth Earl.
Sir Jocelyn Sydney, seventh Earl, with whom the peerage expired.
The fourth son (of the fourth Earl) had predeceased, leaving two daughters, one
of whom married William Perry, Esq., of Turville Park, by whom she had a
daughter, Elizabeth Jane Sydney Perry, who became the second wife of
Sir John Bysshe Shelley, Baronet, father of
Sir John Shelley Sydney, (the latter surname being added to his patronymic),
created a Baronet December 12th., 1818, and his son,
Sir Philip Charles Shelley Sydney, born March 11th., 1800, was created Baron
DE L^Isle and Dudley, January 13th., 1835. He married, April 23rd., 1850, Mary,
only child of Sir William Foulis, Baronet, and had, with other children, a son,
Philip Shelley Sydney, Lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade, born May 14th., 1853.
SOMEELEYTON,
NEAR LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK. — CROSSLEY, BARONET.
In the time of the Conqueror this manor was possessed by William, Earl o£
Warren and Surrey.
It was afterwards in the family of the Fitz Osberts, with other large estates,
with whom it remained till 1280, when one moiety of their possession descended
to Isabella, the widow of Walter Jernegan, daughter of Sir Peter Fitz Osbert, as
sister and co-heiress of Roger Fitz Osbert, son of Sir Peter, and the other moiety
descended to John Noion, the son and heir of Alice, the other sister and co-heiress
of Roger; and, on a division of the property, Somerleyton was settled on Sir Peter
Jernegan, the son of Walter and Isabella, who removed from Horham, in Suffolk,
and made this the principal seat of the Jernegan family, and so it remained till
1627, when — Jerningham, the son of Frances, the widow of Thomas Bedingfeld, Esq.,
of Oxburgh, and daughter and heiress of Sir John Jernegan (who was the last male
of that branch of the family, and the last resident here) by Henry Jerningham, Esq.,
of Cossey, her second husband, sold this estate to Sir Thomas Wentworth, Knight,
who resided here, and who held it till the year 1669, when it was purchased by
Sir Thomas Alleyne, of Lowestoft, the Admiral, who, during the Protectorate of Oliver
Cromwell, remained steadfastly attached to the royal cause, and who, after the
Restoration, obtained a command in the royal navy. On the commencement of the
"war with the Dutch, he fell in with their Smyrna fleet, and after an obstinate en-
gagement, made prize of four of the richest, killed Van Brakett, their commodore,
and drove the remainder into Cadiz. In the engagement off Lowestoft in 1665, and
that off the North Foreland in 1666, Sir Thomas bore a distinguished part. He
was Member of Parliament for Dunwich in 1661, and in 1672 was created a Baronet,
and passed the remainder of his life at this seat. Sir Thomas left one son, Sir
Richard Alleyne, Baronet, who dying a bachelor, devised Somerleyton to Richard
Anguish, Esq., who had married his sister, on condition that he took the name
and arms of Alleyne, which he did, and in 1699 was advanced to a baronetcy. With
his descendants it remained till 1794, when Sir Thomas Alleyne died unmarried, and
the baronetcy became extinct; but the estate descended to Thomas Anguish, Esq.,
his heir at law, at whose death, in 1810, it devolved upon the Rev. George
Anguish, a Prebendary in Norwich Cathedral, his eldest brother and heir.
The Somerleyton estate afterwards passed into the possession of Lord Sydney
72 SOMERLEYTON.
Godolphin Osborne, from whom it was purchased by Mr. Peto (afterwards Sir Morton
Peto) who erected the present magnificent edifice, the designs being furnished by-
Mr. John Thomas, an architect well known for his work in the new Houses of
Parliament. The seat was purchased within recent years by the late Sir Francis
Crossley, and became his residence.
The style of the building is in the main Elizabethan, the materials used in its
construction being Caen stone and red bricks. '^The principal apartments are the
entrance-hall and the dining-room. The latter is very lofty, and has a richly
decorated ceiling, carried on corbels, which present amongst their ornaments the
boar, stag, and hunting emblems. The sides of this room are in two stories, and
the observer will detect here the junction of old work and new. The appearance
of extent is increased by looking-glasses at each end, in the upper story, which
serve to close openings in the gallery. The windows are filled with stained glass,
and include medallion heads, in the first, of Newton and Watt; in the next, of
Chaucer and Shakespeare; and in the third of Wren and Reynolds, — thus memorialising
science, literature, and art. The desire to do this is apparent throughout the edifice
and grounds, and forms, indeed, the great and distinguishing characteristic of the
place.^^
The gardens and pleasure grounds are extensive, and are tastefully and lavishly
maintained, deserving even more than in the olden time the high encomium of
Fuller, who wrote that this place '^'^well deserved the name of Summerley, because it
was always summer there, the walks and gardens being planted with perpetual
greens."
Mr. John Crossley married Martha Turner, and was father of
Francis Crossley, Esq., born October 26th., 1817, M.P. for Halifax from 1852 to
1859, and for the Northern Division of the West Riding of Yorkshire from 1859
till his death, January 2nd., 1872. He was created a Baronet, January 3rd., 1863.
He had married, October 11th., 1845, Martha Eliza, daughter of Henry Brinton,
Esq., of Kidderminster, and had an only son,
Sir Savilb Brinton Crossley, Baronet, born June 14th., 1857.
UNDERLET HALL,
NEAR KTRKBY LONSDALE, WESTMORELAND. EARL OF BECTIVE.
Underley Hall is situate in immediate proximity to the market town of Kirkby
Lonsdale, in Westmoreland. The existing mansion was erected by Alexander Nowell,
Esq., in the year 1825, and was completed at a cost of about £30,000.
The Underley estates were purchased by Alderman Thompson in the year 1842,
and his grandson, Thomas Taylour, Earl of Bective, M.P. for Westmoreland, became
their possessor.
The house is of yellow freestone, and contains many very elegant apartments.
In the year 1872 very extensive improvements and additions were commenced by
the then owner. The principal additions include a tower one hundred feet high,
and the whole of the mansion from the two windows south of the tower is entirely
new. At the east front is a ball-room, in immediate communication with which a
magnificent conservatory was constructed, the base of the front being of stone
to the height of five feet, surmounted by a globular roof composed of wrought iron
framework and glass, and crowned with a glass dome twelve feet in diameter.
There is a corridor leading from the tower to this conservatory, seventy-five feet
long by thirteen feet six inches wide. The conservatory itself is seventy feet by
twenty.
The hall is surrounded with extensive parks and pleasure grounds, which command
delightful prospects of the Vale of the Lune, composed of hill and dale, beautified by
the river Lune pouring along its rapid stream over a rocky bed. At the extremity
of the pleasure grounds is a fine bridge. The work of construction was commenced
in 1872, and completed in 1875, at a cost of £10,000. Owing to the rapid rise
and fall of the river, the strength of its current, and the gravelly nature of its
bed, the erection presented some considerable engineering difficulties. The bridge is
of Roman Gothic architecture, and contains two ribbed arches of seventy feet span,
being the largest ribbed arches in the kingdom, forming a noble structure, and
constructed solely for private use, as making a near route to Barbon Station, on
the Ingleton Branch of the London and North-western Railway.
Prom nearly every part of the grounds the scenery is such as is rarely to be met
with, embracing fine prospects of the Westmoreland and Yorkshire hills. Near to the
hall, and on the opposite side of the river, is an eminence which gradually rises
from the river's bank for nearly a mile, covered with a mass of diversified wood-
74 UNDERLET HALL.
land, over which rise in bold relief the smooth ridges of Casterton Fells; more to
the left the view extends further up the valley, taking in Middleton Fells, and
ultimately ending in the blue peaks of Howgill Fells in the extreme distance.
The gardens and rosaries, nestling as they do on the banks of the river, are laid
out in the most tasteful designs, and form a beautiful picture viewed from any point.
Underley, embosomed in the Vale of the Lune, contains within itself much picturesque
scenery, and many lovely and sequestered spots. The view of the river, now
rushing over opposing rocks, and now stealing softly and silently along, is everywhere
very charming. Here, amongst a host of smaller hills, Ingleborough is seen rearing
his proud head far and wide, the prospect beyond being agreeably terminated by the
long range of the Pennine Chain fading away in the distance.
The line of this family deduces from '
Thomas Tayloub, Esq., of Ringmore, in Sussex, who died in 1620, after whom
came
John Taylour, Esq., deceased in 1658.
Thomas Taylouk, Esq.
Sir Thomas Taylour, created a Baronet of Ireland, July 12th., 1704.
Sib Thomas Taylour, second Baronet, M.P., and a Privy Councillor.
Sir Thomas Taylour, third Baronet, born October 20th., 1724. He was elevated
to the Irish Peerage, September 7th., 1760, as Baron Headfort, of Headfort, in the
county of Meath; further raised as Viscount Headfort, April 12th., 1762, and advanced
to an Earldom as Earl Bective, of Bective Castle, October 24th., 1766. His eldest
son.
Sir Thomas Taylour, second Earl of Bective and a Lord of the Bedchamber, was
created Marquis of Headfort. He was succeeded by his eldest son.
Sir Thomas Taylour, second Marquis of Headfort, K.P., P.C., Lord Lieutenant of
the county of Cavan, created a Baron of the United Kingdom, as Baron Kenlis,
of Kenlis, in the county of Meath. His son,
Sir Thomas Taylour, for some time M.P. for Westmoreland, born November 1st.,
1822, married, July 20th., 1842, Ameha, only child of William Thompson, Esq., of
Underley Hall, in that county, and had, with other children,
Thomas Taylour, Earl of Bective, M.P. for Westmoreland, born February 11th.,
1844, married, October 9th., 1867, Lady Alice Maria Hill, only daughter of the fourth
Marquis of Downshire, K.P.
gt
ASHCOMBE PARK.
NEAR LEEK, STAFFORDSHIRE. — SNEYD.
AsHCOMBE Park became the principal residence of the Sneyds of Bishton and
Belmont, on the marriage of William Sueyd with Jane, daughter and heiress of
• Simon Debank, Esq.
The house is of Doric architecture. Though simple in outline, its proportions are
exceedingly good, and it is most beautifully and substantially constructed of large
blocks of smooth grey stone, and on the east front has a handsome portico.
The beauty of the home view, diversified with wood and water, is well contrasted
with the rugged background formed by the moors of Cheshire, Derbyshire, and
Staffordshire. To the north the sharp peak of Axe Edge, and the rocky outline of
the Roaches, are striking objects in the landscape; to the southward are the Wever
Hills, overlooking the valley of the Dove.
The principal feature of the interior of the house is a geometrical staircase of
Derbyshire marble, surmounted by a cupola. The reception rooms are large and
lofty, and are hung with valuable oil paintings, among which is an unusually full
collection of family portraits by Lely, R. Phillips, Sir Joshua Reynolds, etc., commencing
with Ralph Sneyd and his two sons, Ralph and Richard, who were officers in the
Royalist army in the reign of Charles the First. Colonel Ralph Sneyd was killed by
the last shot fired in the Countess of Derby's defence of the Isle of Man, and his
brother Richard subsequently attended Charles the Second in his flight from Worcester
to Boscobel. From their brother William, to whom the estates descended, and who
subsequently sat for the County of Stafford in the Restoration Parliament, there is
an unbroken line of portraits to the present day.
This ancient family has held lands in Staffordshire for upwards of six hundred
years. The descent of the same is as follows: —
Henry de Snkyde, of Sneyde and Tuns tall, county of Stafford, who was living 3
Edward II. {1310), was seized of lands in the hamlet of Sneyde, which had descended
from Richard de Snede, who held Snede under Henry de Aldithleye, and William de
Snede, who had a grant from Richard de Hay, A.D. 1270. By his wife Margaret,
daughter and heiress of Nicholas de Tunstall, he had a son,
Nicholas de Sneyde, alias Tunstall, who was also seized of lands in the manor of
Bradwell, county of Stafford, 7 Edward III. (1333). He was succeeded by his son,
Richard de Sneyde, alias Tunstall, who added the fleur-de-lis to his arms after
the battle of Poictiers. He was the last to bear the name of de Tunstall. His son,
IV. L
76 ASHCOMBE PARK.
Richard Sneyde^ of Bradwell and Tunstall, had a grant of the manor of Bradwell
from Lord Audley, 2 Henry IV. (1400). He was succeeded by his son,
William Sneydb, of Bradwell, whose son,
Richard Sneyde, of Bradwell, by Agnes his wife, daughter of Sutton, of Sutton,
county of Chester, left a son,
Nicholas Sneyde, of Bradwell. He married Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of
Robert Downes, of Shrigley, in the county of Chester, and was succeeded by his son,
William Sneyde, of Bradwell and Chester, Sheriff of Chester in 1473, who, by his
wife Johanna, daughter and heiress of Roger Ledsham, of Chester, Gentleman, had a son,
Richard Sneyde, of Bradwell, Recorder of Chester, M.P. for Chester in 1553. He
married Anne Fowlehurst, of Crewe, and left a son.
Sir William Sneyde, Knight, of Bradwell, High Sheriff of Staffordshire, 3 Edward
YI., and 5 and 6 Philip and Mary, who was engaged in the battle of Pinkie, and had
a grant of Keele from the crown. By his wife Anne, daughter and heiress of Thomas
Barrowe, Esq., of Elookersbrooke, county of Chester, he had a son,
Ralph Sneyde, of Keele and Bradwell, High Sheriff of Staffordshire, 18 and 37
Elizabeth, married Mary, daughter of Thomas Chetwynd, Esq., of Ingestre, succeeded
by his son,
Ralph Sneyde, of Keele and Bradwell, born 1564, High Sheriff 19 Charles I.,
M.P. for Staffordshire in 1640, married Felicia, daughter of Nicholas Archbold, Esq.,
and had a son,
Ralph Sneyde, of Keele and Bradwell, M.P. for Staffordshire, and Colonel in the
Royalist Army, who was succeeded by his brother,
William Sneyde, of Keele, born 1612, M.P. for Staffordshire, and High Sheriff 16
Charles II. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Robert Audley, Esq.,
of Gransdon, county of Huntingdon, he had issue
1. Ralph, (who inherited the Keele estates), and
2. William Sneyd, of the Birches and Onecote, who married Sarah, daughter
and heiress of Edward Wettenhall, Esq., of Onecote, and was succeeded by his son,
Ralph Sneyde, of Bishton, who married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of John
Bowyer, Esq., of Bishton, and died November 3rd., 1729, leaving a son,
William Sneyd, of Bishton, who married Susanna, daughter and heiress of John
Edmonds, Esq., of Hendon Hall, Middlesex, and was succeeded by his son,
William Hedges Sneyd, of Bishton, born 24th. December, 1730, who (dying un-
married, 28th. September, 1757,) the estate came to his brother,
John Sneyd, of Bishton and Belmont, born July 11th., 1734, High Sheriff of
Staffordshire in 1770, who, by his wife Penelope, daughter of Thomas Kynnersley,
Esq., of Loxley Park, in the county of Stafford, had a son,
William Sneyd, of Ashcombe Park, born September 5th., 1767, who, by his wife
Jane, daughter and heiress of Simon Debank, Esq., left a son,
John Sneyd, of Ashcombe Park, born October 28th., 1798, who married Penelope,
daughter of John Holley, Esq., of Aylshara, and was, February 17th., 1873, succeeded
by his son,
Dryden Henry Sneyd, born September 2nd., 1833.
WITCHINGHAM HALL,
NEAR REEPHAM, NORFOLK. VISCOUNT CANTERBURY.
WiTCHiNGHAM Hall is an Elizabethan structure, but the centre of the building is
of anterior and ancient date. It was originally encircled by a moat, the remains of
which are clearly visible.
Early in the eighteenth century considerable additions were made to the residence,
and about fifty years ago Mr. Tompson made still more extensive alterations in the
house and adjacent buildings. His son, Mr; Kett Tompson, completed the edifice as
it now appears.
The old oak fittings and furniture of the house are remarkable, and the dining
room is hung with Gobelin tapestry of royal manufacture, illustrating scenes in the
Iliad.
Witchingham Hall is the property of Viscount Canterbury, who succeeded to it by
the will of his brother-in-law, the late Mr. Kett Tompson.
As mentioned in a previous article in this volume, the family of Lord Canterbury
has a common descent with those of Lord Manners and the Duke of Rutland.
Sir Robert de Manners was Lord of the Manor of Ethale in Northumberland.
From him descended
Sir Robert de Manners, Knight, living in the reign of King Edward the Second,
as one of the principal persons in that shire.
After him, following a long line of distinguished ancestors, was
Sir John Manners, K.G., third Duke of Rutland, whose third son was
Lord George Manners (who assumed the additional surname of Sutton), and his
fourth son.
Sir Charles Manners-Sutton, born February 14th., 1755, became Lord Archbishop
of Canterbury: his Grace had married, April 3rd., 1778, Mary, daughter of Thomas
Thoroton, Esq. Their son.
Sir Charles Manners-Sutton, for some time Speaker of the House of Commons,
was raised to the Peei-age, March 10th., 1835, as Viscount Canterbury, and his son,
Charles John Manners-Sutton, second Viscount, born April 17th., 1812, dying,
unmarried, November 13th., 1869, was succeeded by his brother.
78 WITCHINGHAM HALL.
Sir John Henry Thomas Manners- Sutton^ K.C.B., G.C.M.G., third Viscount
Canterbury. He married, July 5tli., 1838, Georgiana, youngest daughter of Charles
Tompson, Esq., of Witchingham Hall, in the county of Norfolk, and had, with
several other children, an eldest son.
The Hon. Henry Charles Manners-Sutton, D.L. for Norfolk, born July 12th.,
1839, and married April 16th., 1872, to Amyle Rachel, only daughter of the
Honourable Robert Frederick Walpole, M.P.
CALEDON,
NEAR CALEDON, COUNTY TYRONE, IRELAND. EARL OP CALEDON.
This mansion was built in 1794, on the site of an old castle, the former residence
having been situated nearer to the town of Caledon.
The house stands on a hill surrounded by a deer park and demesne of two
thousand acres, well wooded, and with fine timber.
The River Blackwater flows through the place.
Two ancient bridges near the entrance are remarkable as the scenes of great
slaughter in the old Irish wars.
The house contains a fine library, that formerly belonged to Percy, Bishop of
Dromore.
Andrew Alexander, Esq., who was attainted in the year 1689 by King James's
Parliament, was followed by
Nathaniel Alexander, Esq., who married Elizabeth, daughter of William McClintock,
Esq., of Dunmore, in the county of Donegal, and had numerous issue, of whom the
third and youngest son,
James Alexander, Esq., after filling several important offices in India, was elevated
to the Peerage of Ireland, June 6th., 1790, by the title of Baron Caledon, of
Caledon, in the county of Tyrone. He was further raised to the dignity of Viscount
Caledon in November, 1797, and created Earl op Caledon January 1st., 1801. He
married, November 28th., 1774, Anne, second daughter of James Crawfurd, Esq., of
Crawfurdsburn, and by her, who died December 21st., 1777, had issue, with two
daughters, a son,
Du Pre Alexander, second Earl, born December 14th., 1777, who married, October
16th., 1811, the Honourable Catherine Freeman Yorke, second daughter of Philip,
third Earl of Hardwicke, and died in 1839, leaving an only son.
Jambs Du Pre Alexander, third Earl, born July 27th., 1812. He married, Sep-
tember 4th., 1845, Lady Jane Frederica Grimston, fourth daughter of James Walter,
first Earl of Yerulam. He died January 30th., 1855, having had three sons and a
daughter, the eldest son being
James Alexander, fourth Earl op Caledon, born July 11th., 1846.
DENBY GRANGE,*
NEAR WAKEFIELD, YORKSHIRE. LISTER-KAYB, BARONET.
Denby Grange is seated in a ricli and fertile valley, througli which winds the
river Colne, and bounded by high hills, richly cultivated. This seat stands in the
parish of Kirkheaton, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and at the distance of seven
miles from Wakefield.
Sir John Kaye, of Woodsome, Yorkshire, Knight, was advanced to the dignity of
a Baronet by King Charles the First, February 4th., 1641. He served that unfor-
tunate monarch as Colonel of Horse, and suffered much both in person and estate
during the civil wars, but happily survived the usurpation of Cromwell, and witnessed
the restoration of King Chai'les the Second to the throne of his ancestors.
The second son of the second Baronet was George Kaye, Esq., of Denby Grange;
he married Dorothy, daughter of Robert Saville, of Bryan Royd, in this county,
and dying in the year 1707, his son succeeded to the property of his two uncles,
Christopher Lister, Esq., and Sir Arthur Kaye, Baronet; he assumed the name of
Lister, in addition to his own, and became the fourth Baronet of this family; and
upon the death of Sir John Lister Kaye, LL.D., Dean of Lincoln, who was the
sixth Baronet, without issue, the title became extinct, but was renewed, December
28th., 1812, in the person of Sir John Lister Kaye, Baronet, of Denby Grange, sole
heir to the estates of the families of Lister and Kaye, by will.
Sir John Kaye, Knight, living at the time of the Conquest, married the daughter
of Sir John Woodsome, of Woodsome, in the county of York, and the elder of
his two sons.
Sir John Kaye, Knight, of Woodsome, married to the daughter and heiress of
Sir John Copley, was succeeded by his son.
Sir Robert Kaye, Knight, of Woodsome, who married the daughter of Gaston of
Sedbuer, and his son was
John Kaye, Esq., who by a daughter of Harley of Harley, left a son and heir,
Robert Kaye, Esq., married the daughter of Plumpton of Plumpton, and was
followed by his son,
* See View on the Title-page.
82 DENBY GRANGE.
Arthur Kaye^ Esq., who married Beatrice, daughter of Matthew Wentworth, Esq.,
of Bretton, and left a son and heir,
John Kaye, Esq., Hving in 1585, who by Dorothy, daughter of Robert Mauleverer,
Esq., of Wothersome, had a son and successor,
Robert Kaye, Esq., living in 1612, married Anne, daughter of John Flower, Esq.,
of Whitwell, in the county of Rutland, and was succeeded by his son,
John Kaye, Esq., of Woodesome, who married Anne, daughter of Sir John Feme,
Knight, and dying in 1641, left a son and heir,
John Kaye, Esq., of Woodesome, created a Baronet by King Charles the First,
February 4th., 1641. By his first wife, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Moseley, Esq.,
Alderman and Lord Mayor of York, he left at his death, July 25th., 1652,
Sir John Kaye, Baronet, M.P. for Yorkshire, married to Anne, daughter of
William Lister, Esq., of Thornton-in-Craven, heiress of her brother, Christopher
Lister, and by her had issue
Sir Arthur Kaye, Baronet, M.P. for the County of York, who married Anne,
daughter and co-heiress of Sir Samuel Marow, Baronet, of Berkswell in the county
of Warwick, and dying without male issue, July 10th., 1726, the Baronetcy devolved
on his nephew.
Sir John Lister Kaye, Baronet, of Grange, M.P. for the City of York in 1734,
Alderman thereof in 1735, and Lord Mayor in 1737. He married twice, and by his
first wife, Ellen, daughter of John Wilkinson, Esq., of Greenhead, near Huddersfield,
had
Sir John Lister Kaye, Baronet, who served the office of High Sheriff of York-
shire, in 1761, and dying unmarried December 27th,, 1789, was succeeded by his
half brother, (by the second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Richard Richardson, Esq.,
M.D., of North Bierley in the West Riding,)
The Very Rev. Sir Richard Kaye, Baronet, Dean of Lincoln, who married Mrs.
Mainwaring, the widow of Thomas Mainwaring, Esq., of Goltho, in Lincolnshire, and
daughter of William Fenton, Esq., of Glassho, near Leeds, but died without issue
December 25th., 1810, when the Baronetcy expired. It was revived in the person of
John Lister Kaye, Esq., a son of the fifth Baronet, and to whom he had bequeathed
the estates, who was created a Baronet December 28th., 1812. He had married,
October 18th., 1800, Lady Amelia Grey, fifth daughter of George Henry, fifth Earl
of Stamford and Warrington, by whom he had a large family, of whom, at his
decease, February 28th., 1827, the eldest son.
Sir John Lister Lister Kaye, born August 18th., 1801, succeeded as second
Baronet. He married October 21st., 1824, Matilda, only daughter and heiress of
George Arbuthnot, Esq., by whom he had
Lister Lister Kaye, Esq., born September 3rd., 1827, married May 25th., 1852,
Lady Caroline Pepys, third daughter of the first Earl of Cottenham, and died April
12th., 1855, leaving two sons, the elder of whom.
Sir John Pepys Lister Kaye, Baronet, was born in February, 1853.
B. PAWCETT, EKGKAYKR AND PRINTKB, DRIFFIELD.
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